Metal Impurities In Silicon And Germanium Based Technologies

This book provides a unique review of various aspects of metallic contamination in Si and Ge-based semiconductors. It discusses all of the important metals including their origin during crystal and/or device manufacturing, their fundamental properties, their characterization techniques and their impact on electrical devices’ performance. Several control and possible gettering approaches are addressed. The book offers a valuable reference guide for all researchers and engineers studying advanced and state-of-the-art micro- and nano-electronic semiconductor devices and circuits. Adopting an interdisciplinary approach, it combines perspectives from e.g. material science, defect engineering, device processing, defect and device characterization, and device physics and engineering.

This book gives a unique review of different aspects of metallic contaminations in Si and Ge-based semiconductors. All important metals are discussed including their origin during crystal and/or device manufacturing, their fundamental properties, their characterization techniques and their impact on the electrical device performance. Several control and possible gettering approaches are addressed. The book is a reference for researchers and engineers studying advanced and state-of-the-art micro- and nano-electronic semiconductor devices and circuits. It has an interdisciplinary nature by combining different disciplines such as material science, defect engineering, device processing, defect and device characterization and device physics and engineering.

Germanium is a semiconductor material that formed the basis for the development of transistor technology. Although the breakthrough of planar technology and integrated circuits put silicon in the foreground, in recent years there has been a renewed interest in germanium, which has been triggered by its strong potential for deep submicron (sub 45 nm) technologies. Germanium-Based technologies: From Materials to Devices is the first book to provide a broad, in-depth coverage of the field, including recent advances in Ge-technology and the fundamentals in material science, device physics and semiconductor processing. The contributing authors are international experts with a world-wide recognition and involved in the leading research in the field. The book also covers applications and the use of Ge for optoelectronics, detectors and solar cells. An ideal reference work for students and scientists working in the field of physics of semiconductor devices and materials, as well as for engineers in research centres and industry. Both the newcomer and the expert should benefit from this unique book. State-of-the-art information available for the first time as an all-in-source Extensive reference list making it an indispensable reference book Broad coverage from fundamental aspects up to industrial applications

A discussion of the different mechanisms responsible for contamination together with a survey of their impact on device performance. The author examines the specific properties of main and rare impurities in silicon, as well as the detection methods and requirements in modern technology. Finally, impurity gettering is studied along with modern techniques to determine gettering efficiency. Throughout all of these subjects, the book presents only reliable and up-to-date data so as to provide a thorough review of recent scientific investigations.

Despite the vast knowledge accumulated on silicon, germanium, and their alloys, these materials still demand research, eminently in view of the improvement of knowledge on silicon–germanium alloys and the potentialities of silicon as a substrate for high-efficiency solar cells and for compound semiconductors and the ongoing development of nanodevices based on nanowires and nanodots. Silicon, Germanium, and Their Alloys: Growth, Defects, Impurities, and Nanocrystals covers the entire spectrum of R&D activities in silicon, germanium, and their alloys, presenting the latest achievements in the field of crystal growth, point defects, extended defects, and impurities of silicon and germanium nanocrystals. World-recognized experts are the authors of the book’s chapters, which span bulk, thin film, and nanostructured materials growth and characterization problems, theoretical modeling, crystal defects, diffusion, and issues of key applicative value, including chemical etching as a defect delineation technique, the spectroscopic analysis of impurities, and the use of devices as tools for the measurement of materials quality.

The book includes both fundamental and technological aspects of defects in semiconductor materials and devices, including photovoltaics. The 74 papers are grouped as follows: I. Defect engineering in silicon solar cells; II. Structural and production issues in cast silicon materials for solar cells; III. Characterisation of silicon for solar cells; IV. Intrinsic point defects in silicon; V. Light impurities in silicon-based materials; VI. Metals in silicon: fundamental properties and gettering; VII. Extended and implantation-related defects in silicon; VIII. Surfaces, passivation and processing; IX. Germanium-based devices and materials; X. Semiconductors other than silicon and germanium; XI. Nanostructures and new materials systems. Review from Book News Inc.: The proceedings for GADEST 2013 contains 84 papers on such matters as defect engineering in silicon solar cells, structural and production issues in cast silicon materials for solar cells, characterizing silicon for solar cells, intrinsic point defects in silicon, light impurities in silicon-based materials, fundamental properties and gettering of metals in silicon, extended and implantation-related defects in silicon, germanium-based devices and materials, semiconductors other than silicon and germanium, and nanostructures and new materials systems.

The book includes both fundamental and technological aspects of defects in semiconductor materials and devices, including photovoltaics. Volume is indexed by Thomson Reuters CPCI-S (WoS).The 74 papers are grouped as follows: I. Defect engineering in silicon solar cells; II. Structural and production issues in cast silicon materials for solar cells; III. Characterisation of silicon for solar cells; IV. Intrinsic point defects in silicon; V. Light impurities in silicon-based materials; VI. Metals in silicon: fundamental properties and gettering; VII. Extended and implantation-related defects in silicon; VIII. Surfaces, passivation and processing; IX. Germanium-based devices and materials; X. Semiconductors other than silicon and germanium; XI. Nanostructures and new materials systems.

Developments in Surface Contamination and Cleaning, Volume Ten, provides a state-of-the-art guide to the current knowledge on the behavior of film-type and particulate surface contaminants and their cleaning methods. This newest volume in the series discusses mechanisms of particle adhesion, particle behavior in liquid systems, and metallic contamination and its impact. In addition, the book includes a discussion of the types of contaminants, with resources to deal with them and information on environmental issues related to surface contamination and cleaning. Taken as a whole, the series forms a unique reference for professionals and academics working in the area of surface contamination and cleaning that also includes information on cleaning at the micro and nano scales. Written by established experts in the contamination field that provide an authoritative resource Presents a comprehensive review of new trends in contaminants and resources for dealing with those contaminants Contains detailed case studies to illustrate various scenarios