Modelling Approaches For Management And Remediation At Sites Affected By Past Activities

A range of diverse sites globally have been affected by past activities and events resulting in their contamination with residual radioactive material. As a result, there is a need to evaluate the site-specific radiological hazards and doses to people and the environment to determine whether remediation is justified and, if so, to develop and implement plans to address the situation. The IAEA has published a Generic Safety Guide (GSG-15) - Remediation Strategy and Process for Areas Affected by Past Activities or Events, which establishes a stepwise approach for the planning and implementation of remediation applying the principles of radiation protection. This publication presents the results generated from the modelling of case studies of sites contaminated with residual radioactive material from past activities and events within the Environmental Modelling for Radiation Safety (EMRAS II) programme to demonstrate the practical application of the stepwise remediation process presented in GSG-15.

A variety of past activities and events have resulted in contamination of sites and areas by residual radioactive material. In cases where relevant criteria are exceeded, remediation should be implemented to reduce radiation exposure due to contamination, taking into account other non-radiological hazards as appropriate. Remediation includes any actions applied to the contamination itself (the source) or to the exposure pathways to people. This Safety Guide provides recommendations on the planning and implementation of remediation of sites and areas affected by past activities and events based on a systematic, stepwise approach, taking account of the specific characteristics of a given situation and the prevailing circumstances. The Safety Guide is targeted at regulatory bodies, responsible parties, operating organizations and other parties involved in the remediation of sites or areas and contributing to the recovery process to ensure the protection of people and the environment.

This book explores state-of-art techniques based on methodological and modeling aspects of solid and hazardous waste management, specifically focusing on the recent trends in data acquisition and robust modeling of the results obtained. In addition to an in-depth description of the recent regulatory paradigm for solid waste disposal and revealing insights into solid waste management models, the book also addresses significant case history and remediation methodologies for sustainable development in emerging economies like India, China and Brazil. The main emphasis is on a suitable regulatory framework with site-specific baseline calibration and aimed at the robust modeling of contaminant transport and its remediation. This is based on instructive case history in various locations/regions worldwide. The focus on recent modeling and quantification methods is the backbone of the book. One of the major aspects discussed is the application of non-invasive methods for studies related to the Earth's interior, which are increasingly preferred over invasive techniques thanks to their economic utility, as well as robust techniques for the interpretation of geophysical data. The increasing demand for groundwater and energy resources, especially for rapidly emerging countries with large populations like India and China, has made it vital to derive safe utilization approaches for our resources, including suitable waste disposal and remediation methodologies that can be adopted for 'contaminated sites.'

This book offers extensive and comprehensive knowledge to the researchers and academicians who are working on decontamination of radioactively contaminated areas. Remediation strategies for contaminated sites are provided. Readers who will find this book useful include professionals specializing in radioecology, safe disposal of radioactive waste, as well as decontamination, remediation legacies and impact of radioactive waste material on the environment. The chapters give a broad overview and reviews of a number of original publications on remediation strategies that were explored after the Chernobyl and Fukushima Nuclear Power plant accidents. Useful case studies are provided that explore the latest technological developments and future trends for affected area decontamination.

Water is one of the most vital resources on Earth and plays a crucial role in sustaining life. With the rapid increase in population and urbanization, the demand for water has been increasing exponentially, leading to an immense pressure on the existing water resources. In this context, the assessment, modelling, and management of water resources have become crucial to ensure sustainable development. This book, "Water Resources Assessment, Modelling and Management," is a collection of 101 articles that delve into various topics related to water resources. It covers various aspects related to surface water, groundwater, surface water modelling, groundwater modelling, management of water resources, challenges and strategies, advanced techniques in water resources, thrust areas. The book provides a special emphasis on water resources issues and management in India, which is crucial due to the significant water-related challenges faced by the country. The articles in the book offer a broad overview of the latest techniques, tools, and strategies used in the assessment, modelling, and management of water resources. Each article is concise, with a length of around three pages, and provides a brief yet informative summary of the respective topic. The aim of the book is to provide readers with a quick and accessible overview of each topic, without delving too deeply into technical details or using equations. To keep the content straightforward and easy to understand, the articles do not contain equations. However, readers who wish to explore a topic in more depth are encouraged to consult other relevant books and resources, where they can find more comprehensive information and mathematical formulations. The book aims to be a valuable resource for water resources professionals, researchers, and students who are interested in understanding the challenges associated with water resources and the strategies for their management. It covers a wide range of topics, including the latest techniques and tools used in water resources management, and the impact of climate change on water resources. Overall, the book provides a comprehensive overview of the current state of knowledge and practice in the assessment, modelling, and management of water resources. The book is expected to serve as a useful reference for anyone interested in this important and timely topic.

Originally published in 1994, the first edition of Field Sampling Methods for Remedial Investigations soon became a premier resource in this field. The "Princeton Groundwater" course designated it as one of the top books on the market that addresses strategies for groundwater characterization, groundwater well installation, well completion, and groundwater sampling. This long awaited third edition provides most current and most cost-effective environmental media characterization methods and approaches supporting all aspects of remediation activities. This book integrates recommendations from over one hundred of the most current US EPA, State EPA, US Geological Survey, US Army Corps of Engineers, and National Laboratory environmental guidance and/or technical documents. This book provides guidance, examples, and/or case studies for the following subjects: Implementing the EPA’s latest Data Quality Objectives process Developing cost effective statistical & non-statistical sampling designs supporting all aspects of environmental remediation activities, and available statistical sample design software Aerial photography, surface geophysics, airborne/surface/downhole/building radiological surveys, soil gas surveying, environmental media sampling, DNAPL screening, portable X-ray fluorescence measurements Direct push groundwater sampling, well installation, well development, well purging, no-purge/low-flow/standard groundwater sampling, depth-discrete ground sampling, groundwater modeling Tracer testing, slug testing, waste container and building material sampling, pipe surveying, defining background conditions Documentation, quality control sampling, data verification/validation, data quality assessment, decontamination, health & safety, management of investigation waste A recognized expert on this subject, author Mark Byrnes provides standard operating procedures and guidance on the proper implementation of these methods, focusing on proven technologies that are acknowledged by EPA and State regulatory agencies as reputable techniques.

This book presents papers from an international conference, held in Bonn, Germany in February 2005, that dealt with integrated water resources management in industrialized and developing countries. The papers detail such emerging concepts as blue and green water, virtual water, the water footprints of nations, multi-agent modeling, linkages between water and biodiversity, and social learning and adaptive management.

The hydrogeologic environment of fractured rocks represents vital natural systems, examples of which occur on every continent. This book discusses key issues, methodologies and techniques in the hydrogeology of fractured rocks, summarizing recent progress and anticipating the outcome of future investigations. Forty-four revised and updated papers w