Moving Frames

As the building blocks of moving pictures, photographs have played an integral role in cinema since the dawn of the medium—a relationship that has grown more complexly connected even as the underlying technologies continue to evolve. Moving Frames explores the use of photographs in German films from Expressionism to the Berlin School, addressing the formal and narrative roles that photographs play as well as the cultural and historical contexts out of which these films emerged. Looking beyond and within the canon, the editors gather stimulating new insights into the politics of surveillance, resistance, representation, and collective memory functioning through photographic rupture and affect in German cinema.

The method of moving frames originated in the early nineteenth century with the notion of the Frenet frame along a curve in Euclidean space. Later, Darboux expanded this idea to the study of surfaces. The method was brought to its full power in the early twentieth century by Elie Cartan, and its development continues today with the work of Fels, Olver, and others. This book is an introduction to the method of moving frames as developed by Cartan, at a level suitable for beginning graduate students familiar with the geometry of curves and surfaces in Euclidean space. The main focus is on the use of this method to compute local geometric invariants for curves and surfaces in various 3-dimensional homogeneous spaces, including Euclidean, Minkowski, equi-affine, and projective spaces. Later chapters include applications to several classical problems in differential geometry, as well as an introduction to the nonhomogeneous case via moving frames on Riemannian manifolds. The book is written in a reader-friendly style, building on already familiar concepts from curves and surfaces in Euclidean space. A special feature of this book is the inclusion of detailed guidance regarding the use of the computer algebra system Maple™ to perform many of the computations involved in the exercises.

This is a book that the author wishes had been available to him when he was student. It reflects his interest in knowing (like expert mathematicians) the most relevant mathematics for theoretical physics, but in the style of physicists. This means that one is not facing the study of a collection of definitions, remarks, theorems, corollaries, lemmas, etc. but a narrative — almost like a story being told — that does not impede sophistication and deep results. It covers differential geometry far beyond what general relativists perceive they need to know. And it introduces readers to other areas of mathematics that are of interest to physicists and mathematicians, but are largely overlooked. Among these is Clifford Algebra and its uses in conjunction with differential forms and moving frames. It opens new research vistas that expand the subject matter. In an appendix on the classical theory of curves and surfaces, the author slashes not only the main proofs of the traditional approach, which uses vector calculus, but even existing treatments that also use differential forms for the same purpose. Contents:Introduction:OrientationsTools:Differential FormsVector Spaces and Tensor ProductsExterior DifferentiationTwo Klein Geometries:Affine Klein GeometryEuclidean Klein GeometryCartan Connections:Generalized Geometry Made SimpleAffine ConnectionsEuclidean ConnectionsRiemannian Spaces and Pseudo-SpacesThe Future?:Extensions of CartanUnderstand the Past to Imagine the FutureA Book of Farewells Readership: Physicists and mathematicians working on differential geometry. Keywords:Differential Geometry;Differential Forms;Moving Frames;Exterior CalculusKey Features:Reader FriendlyNaturalnessRespect for the history of the subject and related incisiveness

Publisher Description

Introduction. Photographs as rupture and affect in German film / Carrie Collenberg-González and Martin P. Sheehan -- Layers of exposure : the photographic approach in Gerhart Lamprecht's Zille film, Slums of Berlin (1925) / Jason Doerre -- Objecting objects : photographs and subjectivity in The blue angel (1930) / Martin P. Sheehan -- Before- and afterlives : on the stillness of photographs at the outset of Adenauer cinema / John Davidson -- Filming after Walker Evans : Wim Wenders' "American pictures" in Kings of the road (1976) / Stefanie Harris -- The transgression of overpainting : Jürgen Böttcher's radical experiments with intermediality in Transformations (1981) / Matthew Bauman -- The promise of agency : photographs and value in Tattoo (2002) / Cynthia Porter -- Curating the image : visual intertextuality in The Baader Meinhof Complex (2008) / Reinhard Zachau -- Re-presenting German heritage films : photographic memory in Aimee & Jaguar (1999), Good bye Lenin! (2003), and Almanya-Welcome to Germany (2011) / Carrie Collenberg-Gonzalez -- Imaging the "good life" : destabilizing subjecthood and conceptions of the normative family in Ghosts (2005) / Simone Pfleger -- Violence, death, and photographs : capturing the (un)dead in Rammbock (2010) / Melissa Etzler -- Possible archives : encountering a surveillance photo in Karl Marx City (2016) / Anke Pinkert -- Afterword. Toward a camera ludica : agency and photography in Videogame ecologies / Curtis L. Maughan.

This book is an introduction to Cartan's approach to differential geometry. Two central methods in Cartan's geometry are the theory of exterior differential systems and the method of moving frames. This book presents thorough and modern treatments of both subjects, including their applications to both classic and contemporary problems. It begins with the classical geometry of surfaces and basic Riemannian geometry in the language of moving frames, along with an elementary introduction to exterior differential systems. Key concepts are developed incrementally with motivating examples leading to definitions, theorems, and proofs. Once the basics of the methods are established, the authors develop applications and advanced topics.One notable application is to complex algebraic geometry, where they expand and update important results from projective differential geometry. The book features an introduction to $G$-structures and a treatment of the theory of connections. The Cartan machinery is also applied to obtain explicit solutions of PDEs via Darboux's method, the method of characteristics, and Cartan's method of equivalence. This text is suitable for a one-year graduate course in differential geometry, and parts of it can be used for a one-semester course. It has numerous exercises and examples throughout. It will also be useful to experts in areas such as PDEs and algebraic geometry who want to learn how moving frames and exterior differential systems apply to their fields.

Even if the subject is a long-standing one, this is the first monograph on this field. On the one hand, this book is intended to give a rather wide review on this field, both in a historical and pedagogical perspective; on the other hand, it aims at critically re-examining and discussing the most controversial issues. For instance, according to some authors the celebrated Sagnac effect is a disproval of the theory of relativity applied to rotating frames; according to others, it is an astonishing experimental evidence of the relativistic theory. In order to give the reader a deeper insight into this research field, the contributing authors discuss their opinions on the main subjects in an enthralling virtual round table: in this way, the reader can get a direct comparison of the various viewpoints on the most controversial and interesting topics. This is particularly expedient, since the differences in the various approaches are often based upon subtleties that can be understood only by a direct comparison of the underlying hypotheses.