Necrotizing Enterocolitis

This is the first textbook devoted entirely to understanding and treating necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), one of the leading causes of death and disability in premature infants. NEC continues to occur in neonatal units across the world, and the overall mortality has remained stubbornly high since its first description decades ago. Despite significant research into NEC, and a greater understanding of its underlying causes, there is no single source of information to which the care team can turn for guidance. This book fills that important gap in clinical care. In selecting the topics for this inaugural textbook, three guiding principles have been followed. First, to include chapters that provide detailed information for the medical team – the doctors and nurses, the therapists and pharmacists, the chaplains and the child life workers – so that each team member can optimally recognize, prevent and treat patients with this disease. Second, to ensure that chapters cover the depth and breadth of the latest clinical and scientific research into NEC, each selected to identify specific preventative strategies or therapies for this disease. Third, and perhaps most importantly, to focus not only on the child with NEC, but also on the child’s family, in order to provide comprehensive information about a disease that families have barely heard about, until the jarring day when their precious infant is affected by it. This book therefore: serves as a "how-to guide" for the care of the infant with NEC summarises critical new research and offers guidelines for future key research areas addresses the complex and difficult issues surrounding care of the critically ill infant suffering from NEC Written for the entire health care team including paediatric surgeons, neonatologists, developmental paediatricians, epidemiologists, ethicists, child life professionals, therapists and specialist nurses, each team member will find this book of value. This book was written to demystify this cruel disease, and to unlock its closely held secrets of pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment and prevention.

This is the first textbook devoted entirely to understanding and treating necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), one of the leading causes of death and disability in premature infants. NEC continues to occur in neonatal units across the world, and the overall mortality has remained stubbornly high since its first description decades ago. Despite significant research into NEC, and a greater understanding of its underlying causes, there is no single source of information to which the care team can turn for guidance. This book fills that important gap in clinical care. In selecting the topics for this inaugural textbook, three guiding principles have been followed. First, to include chapters that provide detailed information for the medical team - the doctors and nurses, the therapists and pharmacists, the chaplains and the child life workers - so that each team member can optimally recognize, prevent and treat patients with this disease. Second, to ensure that chapters cover the depth and breadth of the latest clinical and scientific research into NEC, each selected to identify specific preventative strategies or therapies for this disease. Third, and perhaps most importantly, to focus not only on the child with NEC, but also on the child's family, in order to provide comprehensive information about a disease that families have barely heard about, until the jarring day when their precious infant is affected by it. This book therefore: serves as a "how-to guide" for the care of the infant with NEC summarises critical new research and offers guidelines for future key research areas addresses the complex and difficult issues surrounding care of the critically ill infant suffering from NEC Written for the entire health care team including paediatric surgeons, neonatologists, developmental paediatricians, epidemiologists, ethicists, child life professionals, therapists and specialist nurses, each team member will find this book of value. This book was written to demystify this cruel disease, and to unlock its closely held secrets of pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment and prevention.

The literature on NEC (necrotizing Enterocolitis), especially in the major textbooks, merely recapitulated what had been written in the past; there has been no new guidance. NEC was viewed as a fait accompli; a sometimes-dire disease that was to be confronted only after it reared its perfidious head. This monograph asks the reader to rethink their

With collaboration of Dr. Lucky Jain, Consulting Editor, Dr. Caplan has assembled articles devoted to the most current clinical advances in necrotizing enterocolitis. He has invited expert authors from top institutions to contribute timely reviews on the following topics: Biomarker Discovery: New markers that improve early diagnostic capability; Probiotics: State of the art; NEC Pathophysiology: How microbiome data alters our understanding; Effect of Human Milk on NEC; Influence of Growth Factors on the Development of NEC; Can Fish Oil Reduce the Incidence of NEC by Altering the Inflammatory Response; Oral Mother’s Milk: State of the art and influence on NEC; Does Surgical Management Alter the Outcome of NEC; Epidemiology of NEC: New considerations and influence of PRBC transfusions and anemia; Role of Abdominal Ultrasound in Diagnosis of NEC; and Modifiable Risk Factors in NEC: 2018. Readers will come away with the scientific and medical information they need to make clinical decisions to improve patient outcomes.

This important topic in perinatology is getting its own issue for the first time. The Guest Editors have taken care to provide a full clinical overview in this issue. Articles are devoted to Feeding Practices and NEC; Prebiotics, Probiotics and Postbiotics; Clinical Presentations of NEC; Short Gut Syndrome in the NICU; NEC in Full-term Neonates; Lactoferrin and NEC; Altered Gut Microbiome and NEC; Inflammatory Signaling in NEC; Newer Monitoring Techniques (such as Near-Infrared Spectroscopy) to Determine the Risk of NEC; Surgical Treatment of NEC; Biomarkers of NEC; Intestinal Transplantation.

Pediatric Surgery, Flowcharts and Clinical Algorithms is an updated review of some common pediatric surgical problems. The authors of the chapters have made a full review of the selected topics including the basic science facts necessary for the proper understanding of conditions (anatomy, physiology and embryology), such as gastrointestinal disorders, abdominal wall defects, choledochal cysts, and others, with special emphasis on antenatal diagnosis and management.A flow chart (or management algorithm) is included to facilitate decision making in choice of the proper diagnostic tools or the most efficient surgical (or non-surgical) strategy.The book is intended for pediatric surgeons, pediatricians, and researchers in any of the topics included.

This open access book deals with imaging of the abdomen and pelvis, an area that has seen considerable advances over the past several years, driven by clinical as well as technological developments. The respective chapters, written by internationally respected experts in their fields, focus on imaging diagnosis and interventional therapies in abdominal and pelvic disease; they cover all relevant imaging modalities, including magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomography, and positron emission tomography. As such, the book offers a comprehensive review of the state of the art in imaging of the abdomen and pelvis. It will be of interest to general radiologists, radiology residents, interventional radiologists, and clinicians from other specialties who want to update their knowledge in this area.