Nijmegen

2. Verdenskrig. Guide til "Operation Market Garden" omfattende 82. US luftbårne division og Guards Armoured Divisions operationer omkring Nijmegen. Bogen er forsynet med kort, oversigter og troppeinddeling.

The amphorae from Kops Plateau represent a singular example of Roman military supply in northern Europe at a very early date. Their analysis sheds light on trading routes in the Atlantic regions, and from Gaul to Germany.

A steadfast misbelief in precision bombing evolved into the leading concept for US Army Air Force during the Second World War. This concept envisioned the destruction of the German industrial and economic system as the swiftest path to victory. However, the belief in survivability of bombers through self defense proved incorrect, and the Allies realized that the Luftwaffe had to be defeated first, by attacking the German aircraft industry. On 22 February 1944, Eighth Air Force conducted a mission as part of this offensive. During this mission, the bombers were recalled because of severe weather. On the return trip, the airmen decided not to abandon the mission outright, but to attack targets of opportunity. Because of navigational errors a section of 446 Bombardment Group misidentified the Dutch city Nijmegen as in Germany, and bombed it. Due to aiming errors, the greater part of the bombs missed the designated marshalling yards by a kilometer, and hit the city center instead. The bombardment caused chaos on the ground. It surprised the citizens, ignorant by earlier faulty alarms, and damage caused great difficulties for the provision of aid relief. As a result, the bombardment killed about 800 citizens and destroyed the historic city center.

AUGUST F. DEUTMAN, M.D. From October 16-18, 197 5 many distinguished ophthalmologists visited Nijmegen to inaugurate the new Eye Institute of the University of Nijmegen with a symposium on New Developments in Ophthalmology. The meeting was held under the auspices of the Netherlandish Ophthalmological Society (NOG) and had a high attendance of over 300 ophthalmologists from The Netherlands and from abroad. Many new and some controversial surgical techniques regarding corneal transplantation, phako-emulsification, intra-ocular lensimplantation, local excision of melanomas of the choroid and ciliary body, pars plana vitrec tomy, laser treatment in disciform macular degeneration and treatment of giant retinal tears were discussed. Since new surgical techniques have to be based on profound knowledge of the anatomy and physiology of the eye, many new basic and important data regarding the cornea, the vitreous body, the retinal vessels, the choroid and the orbit were presented by some of the foremost authorities. Technical advances in corneal transplantation were discussed, while the modern treatment of corneal ulcers and bacterial infections of the eye was presented. New findings such as computerized tomography, facilitate the diagnosis of underlying disease in exophthalmus enormously. The treatment of retinal detachment has improved considerably over the last ten years and we feel that in particular the safe non-drainage methods deserve attention. Cryo coagulation and photocoagulation have certain advances over diathermy and the radial placement of indenting suprascleral material may have consider able advantages over the limbus-parallel placement in horseshoe tears.

This WWII biography chronicles an American paratrooper’s harrowing role in Operation Market Garden and his heroic survival as a POW. During World War II, Gene Metcalfe served in the 82nd Airborne. After his recruitment into the military at Camp Grant, he trained with the 501st Paratroop Infantry Regiment at Camp Toccoa. It wasn’t until D-Day that he first arrived in England to join the 508th PIR. On September 17th, 1944, the 508th PIR embarked on Operation Market Garden to establish a salient in the Netherlands. Flying over Groesbeek Heights, just outside of Nijmegen, Holland, Metcalfe was among the first to jump into what swas thought to be an empty meadow. Instead, it was defended by German antiaircraft cannons. As he jumped into a hail of bullets he watched his plane roll over and plummet into the ground. Badly injured by a shell explosion, Gene was listed as Killed In Action and left for dead by his patrol. He became a POW held outside Munich, moved between various dieses-ridden camps. After a nearly successful escape attempt—he was captured within sight of the Swiss mountains—Gene was liberated by American troops in 1945.