Novel Drug Delivery Systems For The Delivery Of Insulin

Scientific Study from the year 2014 in the subject Medicine - Pharmacology, grade: A, language: English, abstract: The delivery of proteins is challenging due to their high molecular weight and hydrophilic structures, making them difficult to cross the ubiquitous lipidic membranes. Proteins have a unique structure which makes them suited to a unique function, therefore, maintenance of the structural integrity and stability of these macromolecules is also of a high concern as they can easily be denatured by temperature, pH and other physiochemical changes. The protein and peptide delivery systems have to be designed in a way such that the drug carriers can protect the protein from proteases, increase its permeability through membranes, increase its absorption and bioavailability, sustain its release, with low dosage requirements and, increase its systemic circulation. The study presents the delivery of insulin through various routes: buccal, transdermal, oral and pulmonary, utilizing different novel carriers like polymeric nanoparticles, solid lipid nanoparticles, liposomes, nanoshells, nanospheres and nanoparticles encapsulated in microparticles, along with drug surface modification either by attaching peptide ligands or conjugating with polymers to enhance absorption and targeting capacity of the drug.

Novel Drug Delivery Systems | Transdermal Drug Delivery Systems | Mucoadhesive Drug Delivery Systems | Targeted Drugdelivery Systems | Regulatory Agencies | Quality Assurance | Good Manufacturing Practices | Validation

This work focuses on several approaches to modulated control release systems, including polymers responding to external stimuli (pH glucose concentration), polymer drug-magnetic and ultrasonic systems. This book is aimed at the next generation of drug delivery systemsópumps that can be activated to provide different rates, polymers responding to pH stimuli, non-erodible polymers containing enzymes that cause the polymer to swell and regulate the rate of delivery in response to external stimuli, lectin drug systems that release additional drug due to the affinity of an external molecule for the lectin, and release of vesicle-entrapped substances in response to changes in environmental conditions. This reference shows that drug delivery patterns can be further optimized by pulse or self-regulated delivery, adjusted to the staging of biological rhythms. Written in a systematic format, this book is a useful resource for those involved with pharmaceutical sciences, biomedical materials research, chemistry, macromolecules, and chemical engineering.

Integrating the clinical and engineering aspects of drug delivery, this book offers a much needed comprehensive overview and patient-oriented approach for enhanced drug delivery optimization and advancement. Starting with an introduction to the subject and pharmacokinetics, it explores advances for such topics as oral, gastroretentive, intravitreal, and intrathecal drug delivery, as well as insulin delivery, gene delivery, and biomaterials-based delivery systems. It also describes drug delivery in cancer, cardiac, infectious diseases, airway diseases, and obstetrics and gynecology applications. Examining special clinical states requiring innovative drug delivery modifications, such as hypercoagulability often seen in pregnancy, cancer, and autoimmune diseases, the book also discusses methods for improved drug delivery in clinical settings using clinical end points, clinical trials, simulations, and other venues. It also describes the latest drug delivery advances involving nanomaterials, NEMS and MEMS devices, hydrogels, microencapsulation, lipids, stem cells, patches, and ultrasound. The book is rounded out by a chapter on the FDA regulatory and bioethical challenges involved in advancing drug delivery.

This book will describe current research on drug delivery systems that encompass four broad categories, namely: routes of delivery, delivery vehicles, payload, and targeting strategies. Where appropriate delivery vehicles and relevant release of specific agents in any of these categories in clinical application will be discussed. All chapters will highlight the translational aspects of the various technologies discussed and will provide insights into the advantages of such delivery systems over current ones in clinical or research use. Each technology reviewed in this book will have significant potential to improve patients' lives by enhancing the therapeutic efficacy of drugs. This book: Discusses the various factors that mitigate effective oral insulin delivery and the current status of research efforts to overcome these barriers along with recent clinical projections Examines the advantages and disadvantages of each drug delivery system Examines the standard method of accomplishing controlled drug release through the incorporation of the drugs within polymeric biomaterials such as capsules and microcapsules as well as other vehicles such as liposomes Discusses various controlled drug delivery systems, including sustained release delivery systems and pulse or delayed release, e.g. to target different regions of the gastrointestinal tract. In view of these wide-ranging technological areas, and the up-to-date discussions of opportunities and challenges associated with these applications, the book should provide readers from technology, materials science, pharmacology and clinical disciplines with very valuable information.

The evident rapid expansion of scientific work and intense interest in both experimental and clinical aspects of new drug delivery systems provided strong motivation for planning this symposium. In designing the program, speakers were identified for their particular expertise in a wide range of topics such as dermal delivery systems, pro-drugs, oral prolonged release, rate-controlled drug delivery, the pharmacokinetics of drug release systems, the synthesis of polymeric drug carriers and the refinement of drug delivery pumps. Because of the considerable involvement of diverse scientists from laboratories around the world where investigations relevant to the topic are now being pursued, a deliberate effort was made to invite international leaders in the field to share their knowledge and experimental outcomes. Thus, plenary papers and panel discussions were offered by organic chemists, bioengineers, patholo gists, material scientists, physical chemists, and pharmacokineti cists from academic and industrial laboratories in some dozen countries. This book which records the presentations offered at the sym posium covers a broad array of topics ranging from general overviews of the physicochemical concepts and analytical methodology which underpin the refinement of drug delivery systems and the tissue responses associated with the use of such systems through detailed discussions of a variety of current approaches employed in the development of new systems.

The application of drug delivery is a valuable, cost-effective lifecycle management resource. By endowing drugs with new and innovative therapeutic benefits, drug delivery systems extend products’ profitable lifecycle, giving pharmaceutical companies competitive and financial advantages, and providing patients with improved medications. Formulation development is now being used to create new dosage forms for existing products, which not only reduces the time and expense involved in new drug development, but also helps with regard to patent protection and bypassing existing patents. Today’s culture demands convenience, a major factor determining adherence to drug therapy. Over the past few years, patient convenience-oriented research in the field of drug delivery has yielded a range of innovative drug-delivery options. As a result, various drug-delivery systems, including medicated chewing gums, oral dispersible tablets, medicated lozenges and lollipops, have now hit the market and are very popular. These dosage forms offer a highly convenient way to dose medications, not only for special population groups with swallowing difficulties, such as children and the elderly, but for the general populace as well. This book provides valuable insights into a number of formulation design approaches that are currently being used, or could be used, to provide new benefits from existing drug molecules.

The goal of every drug delivery system is to deliver the precise amount of a drug at a pre-programmed rate to the desired location in order to achieve the drug level necessary for the treatment. An essential guide for biomedical engineers and pharmaceutical designers, this resource combines physicochemical principles with physiological processes to facilitate the design of systems that will deliver medication at the time and place it is most needed.