Offshore Gas Hydrates

Gas hydrates collect and store both thermogenic and biogenic methane generated in deep ocean sediments that, over geologic time, forms vast methane repositories. Offshore Gas Hydrates: Origins, Development, and Production presents gas hydrates as an emerging, clean energy source possibly more abundant than all other fossil fuels and especially important for countries geographically and economically restricted from conventional fossil fuel resources. The book explores feasible methods to produce offshore hydrate gas, the means to store and transport the remotely produced gas, new hydrate inhibitors for conventional and hydrate production in ultra-deep waters, instability manifestations of seafloor hydrates, and hydrate roles in complex ecological scenarios. Complementing production and drilling method presentations are computer simulation studies, hydrate field tests, and seismic and logging developments. Offshore Gas Hydrates delivers a well-developed framework for both the oil and gas researcher and corporate engineer to better exploit this future unconventional resource, empowering the oil and gas professional with the latest data and information on sophisticated challenges that offshore hydrates present. Addresses the technical, economic, and environmental problems of producing hydrate gas. Introduces the overlooked and unchartered role of microbes in catalyzing offshore hydrate formations with attendant effects on stability/dissociation. Reviews the latest world-wide field tests, research, and case studies involving seafloor hydrates, inclusive of most known hydrate provinces. Displays two videos within the e-book only: (1) hydrates, carbonates, chemosynthetic communities, and natural hydrocarbon leakages on the seafloor at the Mississippi Canyon hydrate observatory site; (2) hydrate nucleation, migration and self-packing in a laboratory test cell under the influence of anionic surfactants. Extends deep-water hydrate knowledge regarding the hydrate formation and protective cover for microbes within the extreme environment of Mars.

With millions of kilometres of onshore and offshore oil and gas pipelines in service around the world, pipelines are the life’s blood of the world. Notorious for disrupting natural gas production or transmission, the formation of natural gas hydrates can cost a company hundreds of millions and lead to catastrophic equipment breakdowns and safety and health hazards. Written by an international group of experts, Natural Gas Hydrates in Flow Assurance provide an expert overview of the practice and theory in natural gas hydrates, with applications primarily in flow assurance. Compact and easy to use, the book provides readers with a wealth of materials which include the key lessons learned in the industry over the last 20 years. Packed with field case studies, the book is designed to provide hands-on training and practice in calculating hydrate phase equilibria and plug dissociation. In addition readers receive executable programs to calculate hydrate thermodynamics. Case studies of hydrates in flow assurance The key concepts underlying the practical applications An overview of the state of the art flow assurance industrial developments

Gas hydrates represent one of the world’s largest untapped reservoirs of energy and, according to some estimates, have the potential to meet global energy needs for the next thousand years. "Methane Gas Hydrate" examines this potential by focusing on methane gas hydrate, which is increasingly considered a significant source of energy. "Methane Gas Hydrate" gives a general overview of natural gas, before delving into the subject of gas hydrates in more detail and methane gas hydrate in particular. As well as discussing methods of gas production, it also discusses the safety and environmental concerns associated with the presence of natural gas hydrates, ranging from their possible impact on the safety of conventional drilling operations to their influence on Earth’s climate. "Methane Gas Hydrate" is a useful reference on an increasingly popular energy source. It contains valuable information for chemical engineers and researchers, as well as for postgraduate students.

Page 1 ENERGY FROM GAS HYDRATES: ASSESSING THE OPPORTUNITIES & CHALLENGES FOR CANADA The Expert Panel on Gas Hydrates Council of Canadian Academies Science Advice in the Public Interest Conseil des académies canadiennes EnErgy from gas HydratEs - assEssing tHE opportunitiEs and CHallEngEs for Canada Report of the Expert Panel on Gas Hydrates iv Energy from Gas Hydrates tHE CounCil of Canadian aCad [...] Engineering and the RSC: The Academies of. [...] The reviewers assessed the objectivity and quality of. [...] Gas Hydrate Basics - Introduction to the Science and Occurrence of. [...] Energy from Gas Hydrates 3 ovErviEW of gas HydratEs - a primEr on tHE ContEXt The gas held in naturally occurring gas hydrate is generated by microbial or thermal alteration of.

" Although methane hydrates are not recent discoveries, it is only now that their extraction and production are becoming commercially feasible as a major new energy source. They are present offshore in almost every coastal state, and their economic potential for endowing those states with abundant natural gas – in addition to their utility as freshwater resources and as carbon sinks for captured greenhouse gases – is vast. This book presents the first treatment of the legal issues facing the future of offshore methane hydrates, taking into account both proprietary interests and environmental hazards. Starting from law and economics theory as applied to environmental accidents, the book’s analytical framework addresses how best to provide for the opportunities and challenges presented by offshore methane hydrates. Issues and topics include the following: - introduction to the science and technology of offshore methane hydrates; - methane as a green energy source; - research programmes and agendas under way in Japan, South Korea, the United States, Canada, China, and India; - carbon capture and sequestration; - risks – methane emissions, large-scale combustion events, subsea landslides, tsunamis, earthquakes, deep ocean eruptions; - strategies of risk governance – during exploration, development, production and abandonment of the extraction process; - acts that enable seeping and venting of methane; - regulatory compliance as a defense from liability; - grounds for deference to rules of civil liability; - potential impact on anthropogenic climate change; and - private regulation and market-based incentives The analysis compares and contrasts recommended legal policies with existing legal frameworks in relevant international conventions, the European Union, and the United States. Rules of civil liability are reviewed to determine when strict liability or negligence might be efficiently employed in risk governance along with the implementation of public regulations. As a road map to amending and revising existing laws and conventions, this book will be of inestimable practical value to policymakers in supporting the optimal risk governance of the development of methane hydrates. For potential entrepreneurs and operators, this book greatly reduces the legal uncertainty underlying their decision-making and investment decisions. Furthermore, this book enables a broad cross-section of legal practitioners and scholars to engage in this fascinating late arrival to the natural resources law and policy arena. "

Gas hydrates are ice-like crystalline substances that form a rigid cage of water molecules and entrap hydrocarbon and non-hydrocarbon gas by hydrogen bonding. Natural gas hydrate is primarily composed of water and methane. These are solid, crystalline, ice-like substances found in permafrost areas and deepwater basins around the world. They naturally occur in the pore space of marine sediments, where appropriate high pressure and low temperature conditions exist in an adequate supply of gas (mainly methane). Gas hydrates are considered as a potential non conventional energy resource. Methane hydrates are also recognized as, an influence on offshore platform stability, a major factor in climate change contributing to global warming and a significant contribution to the ocean carbon cycle. The proposed book treats various geophysical techniques in order to quantify the gas hydrate reserves and their impact on environment. The primary goal of this book is to provide the state of art for gas hydrate exploration. The target audiences for this book are non-specialist from different branches of science, graduate students and researchers.

Methane hydrates are still a complicated target for today's oil and gas offshore engineers, particularly the lack of reliable real field test data or obtaining the most recent technology available on the feasibility and challenges surrounding the extraction of methane hydrates. Oceanic Methane Hydrates delivers the solid foundation as well as today's advances and challenges that remain. Starting with the fundamental knowledge on gas hydrates, the authors define the origin, estimations, and known exploration and production methods. Historical and current oil and gas fields and roadmaps containing methane hydrates around the world are also covered to help lay the foundation for the early career engineer. Lab experiments and advancements in numerical reservoir simulations transition the engineer from research to practice with real field-core sampling techniques covered, points on how to choose producible methane hydrate reservoirs, and the importance of emerging technologies. Actual comparable onshore tests from around the world are included to help the engineer gain clarity on field expectations. Rounding out the reference are emerging technologies in all facets of the business including well completion and monitoring, economics aspects to consider, and environmental challenges, particularly methods to reduce the costs of methane hydrate exploration and production techniques. Rounding out a look at future trends, Oceanic Methane Hydrates covers both the basics and advances needed for today's engineers to gain the required knowledge needed to tackle this challenging and exciting future energy source. Understand real data and practice examples covering the newest developments of methane hydrate, from chemical, reservoir modelling and production testing Gain worldwide coverage and analysis of the most recent extraction production tests Cover the full range of emerging technologies and environmental sustainability including current regulations and policy outlook

Hardcover plus CD