Oryza From Molecule To Plant

Recent studies have shown that despite gross differences in genome size, the gene order in the cereal genomes has remained remarkably similar. This observation implies that the small genome of rice will reflect the basic structure of the cereal genomes. Rice will therefore become an important tool for all cereal geneticists/molecular biologists as information generated by rice breeders/geneticists/molecular biologists becomes combined in databases with that generated by researchers studying other cereals. Rice research will therefore be of interest to all cereal breeders/geneticists/molecular biologists. This Edition reviews the current state of knowledge of its genome, genes, germplasm collections, trait analysis, breeding systems, mutator systems, transformation and diseases.

This book focuses on the latest genome sequencing of the 25 wild Oryza species, public and private genomic resources, and their impact on genetic improvement research. It also addresses the untapped reservoir of agronomically important traits in wild Oryza species. Rice is a model crop plant that is frequently used to address several basic questions in plant biology, yet its wild relatives offer an untapped source of agronomically important alleles that are absent in the rice gene pool. The genus Oryza is extremely diverse, as indicated by a wide range of chromosome numbers, different ploidy levels and genome sizes. After a 13-year gap from the first sequencing of rice in the 2002, the genomes of 11 wild Oryza species have now been sequenced and more will follow. These vast genomic resources are extremely useful for addressing several basic questions on the origin of the genus, evolutionary relationships between the species, domestication, and environmental adaptation, and also help to substantiate molecular breeding and pre-breeding work to introgress useful characters horizontally from wild species into cultivated rice.

This book offers comprehensive coverage of important grain cereals including their origin and distribution, crop gene pool, level of diversity, production constraints, traits of importance for genetic base widening, crop improvement methodologies, genome mapping, genomics for breeding, and future strategies. The chapters, contributed by eminent crop researchers from around the world, provide rare insights into the crop-specific constraints and prospects drawing from their substantial experience. As such, the book offers an essential source of information for grain cereals scientists, teachers, students, policy planners and developmental experts alike. Grain cereals, which comprise rice, wheat, maize, barley, oats, sorghum and millets, are members of the grass family. These crops are vital to human nutrition, thanks to their roles as staple food crops in different parts of the globe. Some of them are rich sources of carbohydrates, which provide energy, while others are important sources of minerals, vitamins and proteins, in addition to their medicinal properties. In most cereals, the existing variability among elite germplasm has been exploited to attain a desirable level of productivity. However, to make further breakthroughs in enhancing yield and improving stability in future crop cultivars, new sources of genes/alleles need to be identified in wild/weedy species and incorporated into the cultivated varieties. Though there have been many publications on various aspects of grain cereal improvement in the recent past, to date this essential information has remained scattered among different periodicals.

Molecular and Physiological Insights into Plant Stress Tolerance and Applications in Agriculture Part 2 is an edited volume that presents research on plant stress responses at both molecular and physiological levels. This volume builds on the previous volume to provide additional knowledge in studies on the subject. Key Features - Explains aspects of plant genetics central to research such as the role of cytosine methylation and demethylation in plant stress responses, and the importance of epigenetic genetics in regulating plant stress responses. - Explores how Late Embryogenesis Abundant proteins affect plant cellular stress tolerance with an emphasis on their molecular mechanisms and potential implications. - Focuses on beneficial microorganisms including rhizobacteria, endophytes, and mycorrhizal fungi, which are expected to be alternative fertilizers with the advantages of being cost-effective, toxin-free, and eco-friendly. - Highlights the potential use of endophytic bacteria for protecting crops against pathogens - Presents an in-depth analysis of the molecular level to understand the impact of ATP-binding cassette transporters on plant defense mechanisms with a discussion of the potential anti-pathogenic agents based on terpenes and terpenoids. The content of the book is aimed at addressing UN SDG goals 2, 12, and 15 to achieve zero hunger and responsible consumption and production, and to sustainable use of terrestrial ecosystems, respectively. This comprehensive resource is suitable for researchers, students, teachers, agriculturists, and readers in plant science, and allied disciplines. Readership: Researchers, students, teachers, agriculturists, and readers in plant science, and allied disciplines."

Genome sequencing has become a basic tool of plant and animal breeding. Reduced costs have allowed the sequencing of thousands of plant lines or cultivars, leading to previously unobtainable insights into genetic impacts during breeding and generating large numbers of novel candidate breeding genes. This book summarizes the impacts that the genome sequencing revolution has had on agriculture with reference to applications across species and locations. It explains new techniques and their use in understanding epigenetics, breeding and conservation. It is a useful resource for scientists wanting to learn how different fields of agriculture have adapted novel genome sequencing technologies to their requirements, and for those wanting to transfer technologies and lessons learned from one field of agriculture to another. This book is a useful resource for students and researchers in biotechnology, genetics, genomics and breeding.

Plant responses to environmental stress are governed by complex molecular and biochemical signal transduction processes, which act in coordination to determine tolerance or sensitivity at the whole plant level. Upon exposure to abiotic stress, plants express a sophisticated coordinated response to reprogram interconnected defense networks and metabolic pathways, by alterations in the transcription, translation, and post-translational modification of defense-related genes and proteins. Traditionally, physiological and phenotypic responses were the major ones to be collected in plant stress biology. However, modern studies include the identification of key genes that influence stress tolerance and plant growth under the imposing stress and the verification of gene functions using knock out mutants or overexpression lines. In addition, genomics has become a necessary tool for the understanding of plant stress responses at the whole genome levels. The identification of stress-tolerant plant resources and the investigation of the functional role of the genetic variants is also a valuable tool in this research field. Recently, the advent of CRISPR/Cas genome editing technology, enables these variations to be introduced in crops for improved stress tolerance traits. Through the understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in plant signaling in response to abiotic stress and crop performance characters under stress conditions, we hope to open new ways for the breeding of superior crops.

Together with early theoretical work in population genetics, the debate on sources of genetic makeup initiated by proponents of the neutral theory made a solid contribution to the spectacular growth in statistical methodologies for molecular evolution. Evolutionary Genomics: Statistical and Computational Methods is intended to bring together the more recent developments in the statistical methodology and the challenges that followed as a result of rapidly improving sequencing technologies. Presented by top scientists from a variety of disciplines, the collection includes a wide spectrum of articles encompassing theoretical works and hands-on tutorials, as well as many reviews with key biological insight. Volume 2 begins with phylogenomics and continues with in-depth coverage of natural selection, recombination, and genomic innovation. The remaining chapters treat topics of more recent interest, including population genomics, -omics studies, and computational issues related to the handling of large-scale genomic data. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular BiologyTM series format, this work provides the kind of advice on methodology and implementation that is crucial for getting ahead in genomic data analyses. Comprehensive and cutting-edge, Evolutionary Genomics: Statistical and Computational Methods is a treasure chest of state-of the-art methods to study genomic and omics data, certain to inspire both young and experienced readers to join the interdisciplinary field of evolutionary genomics.

Drought and salinity are two of the foremost environmental factors which restrict plant growth and yield in several regions of the world, especially in arid and semi‐arid regions. Due to global climate change, drought and salinity are predicted to become more widespread and eventually result in reduced plant growth and productivity in numerous plant species. Exposure of plants to extreme drought or salt stress ceases plant growth, while plants exposed to moderate stress generally show a slight change in their growth performance. Scientists are facing the challenging task of producing 70% more food to feed an additional 2.3 billion people by 2050. Therefore, it is imperative to develop stress-resilient crops with better yield under drought and salt stress to meet the food requirements of upcoming generations.