Phases Of Rural Development In Malaysia Shifting Towards Human Resource Development And Well Being Uum Press

The rural development approach should be flexible and dynamic to correspond with the transformation of the rural economy and society. Therefore, the phases of rural development in Malaysia illustrate the transformation of rural development approaches in Malaysia and how these approaches have changed the overall rural landscape. Different from other books on rural development, this book presents discussion and analysis on rural development approaches since after independence until during the COVID-19 pandemic. The content of the book is a mixture of primary and secondary information gathered from literature reviews, interviews, and on-site observation. It provides a diverse and rich discussion on various aspects of rural development approaches. The early phase of development approach which was at macro level targeting the mass of rural poverty since the poverty incidence was high. The goal of rural development was two prongs; to develop the economy, infrastructure and facility of the rural areas and to alleviate poverty. As the incidence of poverty has reduced remarkably, the development approach has separated from the poverty alleviation programmes. Development initiatives was more to provide basic urban infrastructure and facilities, to develop human resources through skill-training and improve level of education of the rural residents. In addition, rural development provides employment opportunities through decentralization of industrial sector to rural areas and fosters entrepreneurship activities. Meanwhile, the poverty alleviation programmes are tackled at micro level, that is more towards individual or a household level. The outbreak of COVID-19 pandemic alters the approach of rural development focusing on providing facilities, services and assistance to preserve the well-being of rural community, especially the low-income group.

Human Resource Constitutes The Ultimate Basis For The Wealth Of Nations. Capital And Natural Resources Are Passive Factors Of Production, Human Beings Are The Active Agents Who Accumulate Capital, Exploit Natural Resources, Build Social, Economic, And Political Organizations And Carry Forward National Development. Development Of Persons To Their Maximum Potential And The Conservation Of Talent Is The Gist Of The Concept Of Human Resource Development Through Education, Both Formal And Informal.The Innovative Character Of This Work Is Particularly Striking, Because It Seeks To Examine The Processes Of Human Resource Development In The Rural Context. Most Of The Empirical Work In This Area Has Been Undertaken From A Managerial Perspective And Is Confined To Industrial Manufacturing Organizations And In Exceptional Cases To Service Based Organizations.

Using examples from Indonesia, Malaysia and Thailand, the book considers what scholarship has defined as a village within the rapid changes taking place in rural Southeast Asia.