Pollution In The Black Sea

This book provides information on the causes, consequences, and possible solutions to modern environmental problems associated with ocean pollution with a particular focus on the Back Sea. The oceans are a vast but fragile complex. In recent decades, it has become especially manifest when ocean pollution has reached an unparalleled situation. Meanwhile, not only the well-being of ecosystems depends on the state of ocean waters, but human civilization largely depends on the oceans as a consequence of environmental dependence. This book examines the consequences of pollutants such as oil and hydrocarbon products (including plastics and microplastics), water acidification, sewage, wastewaters discharge into the ocean, thermal pollution, nuclear pollution, and biological pollution. Beyond the types of pollutants and their consequences, this book outlines the state of the art of the legal situation internationally regarding ocean pollution. The authors also show the current pollution of the inland seas, taking as an example of the Black Sea (anthropogenic and natural sources of pollution, its shelf, and shallow waters as well as international legislation). A part of the book analyzes the main types of environmental monitoring of the oceans and their role in solving ocean pollution problems with a particular interest in the Black Sea. The book is of interest to specialists in ocean pollution, ecologists, oceanologists, students, and graduate students studying oceanography, marine ecology, current methods of environmental monitoring, and legal problems related to the oceans and seas pollution, as well as to anyone interested in modern problems of the oceans.

The Black Sea currently faces severe ecological disequilibrium due primarily to eutrophication and other types of contamination from atmospheric, river and land-based sources. Among the most critical contemporary concerns are eutrophication and associated deterioration of water quality, plankton blooms, hypoxia and anoxia, loss of biodiversity and decline of living resources.

This book underpins the geography of the Black Sea, covering topics such as morphology, morphography, geology, and history of the Black Sea. It also discusses environmental aspects affecting the population in the Black Sea's coastal settlements and looks to the future of the Black Sea region. This book covers a gap in research in the field of world regional geography of the Black Sea by providing a comprehensive methodology and terminology to readers, students and teachers in the field.

For thousands of years, different human civilisations have developed on the coasts around the Black Sea. The human population increased progressively during that time, but it is only in the last 40 years that the Black Sea has become unable to cope with our demands of it. Since the 1970's, the ecosystem of the Black Sea exposes the environmental stress factors which continue to modify the status of the entire Black Sea ecosystem and especially the coastal waters, which then affects many of the most significant marine resources. This book identifies the main sources of anthropogenic pollution and the pollutants concentrations in coastal waters of the Black Sea. This book also examines the important role of the multi-biomarker approach in the detection of biological effects of pollution in the Sevastopol region of the Black Sea.

In Regional Co-operation and Protection of the Marine Environment Under International Law: The Black Sea, Nilufer Oral examines the regional co-operation mechanism for protection and preservation of the Black Sea marine environment within the framework of international law, and subsequently identifies the necessary components for a robust regional regime based on best legal practices. The book provides a thorough review of the complex modern challenges related to the Black Sea, with particular emphasis on biodiversity, fisheries, land-based pollution and vessel-based sources of pollution. A history of regional co-operation in the Black Sea offers an enlightening comparison to the development of regional co-operation in international law, in particular, to Part IX of the 1982 United Nations (Montego Bay) Convention on the Law of the Sea. Further comparative analyses, such as the existing regional regime of the Black Sea as established under the 1992 UNEP Regional Seas Programme, and selected regional seas programmes, including the acquis communautaire of the European Union, cohere into a firm foundation of present findings, upon which basis the author makes recommendations for the future. All those interested in the Law of the Sea, international environmental law, and fisheries management will find a critical new text in Regional Co-operation and Protection of the Marine Environment Under International Law: The Black Sea.

This book presents topical research data in the study of the Black Sea, including the influence of the Danube River on the trophic functioning of coastal ecosystems in the north-western Black Sea; the ecotoxicological study of the Sevastopol region of the Black Sea; the environmental matrix and the impact of pollutants on marine organisms in the Black Sea; water resources, general seismicity, hydrocarbon generation; and, environmental problems of the Black Sea.

In recent years, the diverse marine life of the Black Sea has been severely threatened by the combined impact of eutrophication, anoxia, and chemical, biological and bacterial pollution. This report is one of a series of assessments and gives a systematic overview of the biodiversity of the Ukrainian waters of the Black and Azov Seas as a basis for the preparation of national and regional strategies for the conservation and sustainable use of the natural ecosystems of the sea and coastal waters.