Principles Of Ocular Imaging

A comprehensive guide for the eye specialist, Principles of Ocular Imaging presents essential information on imaging modalities for ophthalmologists, residents, and fellows. Ophthalmology and imaging are inextricably intertwined, and practicing eye care professionals need a single definitive source on multiple imaging modalities to reference in clinical practice. Together with their contributors, Drs. Gologorsky and Rosen provide concise but thorough information on the technology and clinical application of 22 imaging modalities unique to ophthalmology, with illustrations and photos throughout that demonstrate how to apply each imaging principle in clinical practice. Principles of Ocular Imaging is divided into the following subspecialties for easy reference in busy clinical environments: Oculoplastics: external photography, ptosis visual fields, slit lamp photography, and orbital ultrasonography Cornea and refractive: corneal topography, confocal microscopy, anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT), ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM), biometry for intraocular lens (IOL) calculations Glaucoma: visual fields, optical coherence tomography (OCT) in glaucoma Retina: fundus photography, fluorescein angiography (FA), indocyanine green (ICG) angiography, fundus autofluorescence (FAF), OCT in retina, optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA), adaptive optics (AO), microperimetry, retinal ultrasonography Neuro-Ophthalmology: electrophysiology of vision and computed tomography (CT) & magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) A practical, illustrative guide to ophthalmic imaging, Principles of Ocular Imaging is an indispensable addition to the practicing ophthalmologist's professional library.

Advances made in diagnostic and imaging tech¬niques within the past years have revolutionized the clinical approach to, and the management of many ophthalmic diseases. Wavefront and Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) have been incorporated as basic tools of refractive surgery, in the assessment of vitreoreti¬nal disorders, optic nerve pathologies, ocular tumors and ocular trauma. This book presents a comprehensive evaluation of current and emerging technologies used for clinical assessment in ophthalmology, as well as an in depth discussion of retinal angiography, both anterior and exterior segments, OCT, VHF ultrasound and other advanced imaging methods and techniques.

This open access book provides a comprehensive overview of the application of the newest laser and microscope/ophthalmoscope technology in the field of high resolution imaging in microscopy and ophthalmology. Starting by describing High-Resolution 3D Light Microscopy with STED and RESOLFT, the book goes on to cover retinal and anterior segment imaging and image-guided treatment and also discusses the development of adaptive optics in vision science and ophthalmology. Using an interdisciplinary approach, the reader will learn about the latest developments and most up to date technology in the field and how these translate to a medical setting. High Resolution Imaging in Microscopy and Ophthalmology – New Frontiers in Biomedical Optics has been written by leading experts in the field and offers insights on engineering, biology, and medicine, thus being a valuable addition for scientists, engineers, and clinicians with technical and medical interest who would like to understand the equipment, the applications and the medical/biological background. Lastly, this book is dedicated to the memory of Dr. Gerhard Zinser, co-founder of Heidelberg Engineering GmbH, a scientist, a husband, a brother, a colleague, and a friend.

"This fifth volume of the series Lectures in Optics provides a comprehensive coverage of the field of Ocular Imaging, which is a broad field covering diagnostic instrumentation that aid into the production of biometric data and two-dimensional images of the eye. Aided by developments in digital imaging and computer processing, Ocular Imaging has known an explosive growth that has transformed ocular care in a very precise and accurate field, assisting both the diagnosis of several diseases, as well as the management, planning, and postoperative follow-up of several surgical procedures, leading the way to refractive procedures such as laser corneal refractive correction of ametropia. The field can be so broad that no book can possibly cover the entirety of this field. In this book, we start with the diagnostics (such as ultrasound and optical ones) that focus on the anterior segment of the eye. Then, technologies such as Scheimpflug, slit scan, optical coherence tomography, Placido and color-coded elevation topography are presented, with applications such as pachymetry and the accurate measurement of corneal curvature, shape, and biomechanics. Yet another field of imaging is aberrations measurement. Aberrometry is evaluating the optical system of the eye in its entirety and as such bears significant attention. Finally, the applications of ocular imaging are presented alongside the laser corneal surgical procedures for the correction of the refractive error of the eye"--

Digital fundus images can effectively diagnose glaucoma and diabetes retinopathy, while infrared imaging can show changes in the vascular tissues. Likening the eye to the conventional camera, Image Analysis and Modeling in Ophthalmology explores the application of advanced image processing in ocular imaging. This book considers how images can be used to effectively diagnose ophthalmologic problems. It introduces multi-modality image processing algorithms as a means for analyzing subtle changes in the eye. It details eye imaging, textural imaging, and modeling, and highlights specific imaging and modeling techniques. The book covers the detection of diabetes retinopathy, glaucoma, anterior segment eye abnormalities, instruments on detection of glaucoma, and development of human eye models using computational fluid dynamics and heat transfer principles to predict inner temperatures of the eye from its surface temperature. It presents an ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) system for anterior chamber angle imaging and proposes an automated anterior segment eye disease classification system that can be used for early disease diagnosis and treatment management. It focuses on the segmentation of the blood vessels in high-resolution retinal images and describes the integration of the image processing methodologies in a web-based framework aimed at retinal analysis. The authors introduce the A-Levelset algorithm, explore the ARGALI system to calculate the cup-to-disc ratio (CDR), and describe the Singapore Eye Vessel Assessment (SIVA) system, a holistic tool which brings together various technologies from image processing and artificial intelligence to construct vascular models from retinal images. The text furnishes the working principles of mechanical and optical instruments for the diagnosis and healthcare administration of glaucoma, reviews state-of-the-art CDR calculation detail, and discusses the existing methods and databases. Image Analysis and Modeling in Ophthalmology includes the latest research development in the field of eye modeling and the multi-modality image processing techniques in ocular imaging. It addresses the differences, performance measures, advantages and disadvantages of various approaches, and provides extensive reviews on related fields.

SECTION I: IMAGING MODALITIES: BASIC PRINCIPLES & INTERPRETATION -- 1. Fluorescein angiography -- 2. Indocyanine green angiography -- 3. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) -- -- 4. Optical coherence tomographic ophthalmoscopy -- 5. Ultrasound -- 6. Scanning laser tomography -- 7. Scanning laser polarimetry -- 8. Retinal thickness analyzer -- 9. Adaptive optics ophthalmoscopy -- 10. Imaging of Ocular Blood Flow -- SECTION II: MACULAR DISEASES -- 11. Non-neovascular age-related macular degeneration -- -- 12. Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration -- 13. Pathologic myopia -- 14. Central serous retinopathy -- 15. Macular holes -- 16. Epiretinal membranes -- 17. Macular dystrophies -- 18. Cystoid macular edema -- 19. Angiod streaks -- 20. Chrorioretinal folds -- SECTION III: RETINAL VASCULAR DISEASES -- 21. Diabetic Retinopathy -- 22. Arterial obstructive disease -- 23. Venous obstructive disease -- 24. Parafoveal Telangiectasis -- 25. Coats' disease -- 26. Retinopathy of prematurity -- 27. Ocular ischemic syndrome -- 28. Hypertensive retinopathy -- 29. Radiation retinopathy -- 30. Retinal artery macroanuerysm -- SECTION IV: INFLAMMATORY & INFECTIOUS DISEASES -- 31. Posterior Scleritis -- -- 32. Pars Planitis -- 33. Sarcoidosis -- 34. Uveal Effusion Syndrome -- 35. White Dot Syndromes -- -- 36. Sympathetic Ophthalmia -- 37. Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada Disease -- 38. Syphilis -- 39. Tuberculosis -- 40. Ocular Histoplasmosis -- 41. Fungal Infections -- 42. Endophthalmitis -- 43. Acute Retinal Necrosis -- 44. Toxoplasmosis -- 45. Toxocariasis -- 46. Cysticercosis -- 47. Diffuse Unilateral Subacute Neuroretinitis -- 48. Cytomegalovirus Retinitis -- SECTION V: OTHER RETINAL DISEASES -- 49. Ocular Phototoxicity -- 50. Metabolic and nutritional anomalies -- 51. Medications and Retinal Toxicity -- 52. Retinal injuries -- 53. Hereditary/congenital vitreoretinal disorders -- 54. Retinitis pigmentosa and allied disorders -- SECTION VI: TUMORS -- 55. Retinoblastoma -- 56. Choroidal malignant melanoma -- 57. Choroidal nevus -- 58. Cavernous hemangioma of the retina -- 59. Retinal capillary hemangioma -- 60. Choroidal hemangioma -- -- 61. Tuberous sclerosis complex -- 62. Tumors and related lesions of the retinal pigment epithelium -- 63. Congenital hypertrophy of the retinal pigment epithelium and other pigmented lesions -- 64. Choroidal/retinal metastasis -- 65. Osteomas -- 66. Leukemia /lymphomas -- SECTION VII: OPTIC NERVE DISORDERS -- 67. Optic pits -- 68. Optic nerve head drusen -- 69. Melanocytoma of the optic disc -- 70. Papilledema -- 71. Glaucoma -- 72. Other optic nerve malformations.

Advanced image processing and mathematical modeling techniques are increasingly being used for the early diagnosis of eye diseases. A comprehensive review of the field, Human Eye Imaging and Modeling details the latest advances and analytical techniques in ocular imaging and modeling. The first part of the book looks at imaging of the fundus as well as infrared imaging. It begins by exploring developments in the analysis of fundus images, particularly for the diagnosis of diabetic retinopathy and glaucoma. It also reviews anterior segment imaging and reports on developments in ocular thermography, especially the use of thermal imaging as the basis of tear evaporimetry and dry eye diagnosis. The second part of the book delves into mathematical modeling of the human eye. Coverage includes modeling of the eye during retinal laser surgery, a framework for optical simulation, heat distribution using a 3D web-splines solution, and exposure to laser radiation. The text also examines computer simulation of the human eye based on principles of heat transfer, as well as various bioheat equations to predict interior temperatures based on the surface temperature. Featuring contributions by established experts in eye imaging, this is a valuable reference for medical personnel and researchers who want to know more about state-of-the-art computer-based imaging and detection methods. It presents novel imaging and modeling algorithms that can aid in early diagnosis, with the aim of enriching the lives of people suffering from eye abnormalities.

Optical Devices in Ophthalmology and Optometry Medical technology is a fast growing field. Optical Devices in Ophthalmology and Optometry gives a comprehensive review of modern optical technologies in ophthalmology and optometry alongside their clinical deployment. It bridges the technology and clinical domains and will be suitable in both technical and clinical environments. The book introduces and develops basic physical methods (in optics, photonics, and metrology) and their applications in the design of optical systems for use in ophthalmic medical technology. Medical applications described in detail demonstrate the advantage of utilizing optical-photonic methods. Exercises and solutions for each chapter help understand and apply basic principles and methods. From the contents: Structure and Function of the Human Eye Optics of the Human Eye Visual Disorders and Major Eye Diseases Introduction to Ophthalmic Diagnosis and Imaging Determination of the Refractive Status of the Eye Optical Visualization, Imaging, and Structural Analysis Optical Coherence Methods for Three-Dimensional Visualization and Structural Analysis Functional Diagnostics Laser???Tissue Interaction Laser Systems for Treatment of Eye Diseases and Refractive Errors