Radiology In Global Health

Exploring the question as to why more than half the world continues to have little or no access to medical imaging and radiology, this important second edition, fully revised and expanded, offers not only answers but practical solutions, providing new tools, ideas, and strategies for bringing vital radiology to low-resource areas. Based on RAD-AID’s ten years of work (2008-2018) serving indigent communities around the world, the book’s interdisciplinary approach offers the synthesis of business management, government policy formulation, clinical methods, and engineering in order to integrate economic development, technology innovation, clinical model planning, educational strategies, and public health measures. The gold-standard title in the field, Radiology in Global Health, 2nd Edition is intended for a broad audience, including physicians (especially radiologists and radiology residents), radiology technologists, radiology nurses, sonographers, hardware/software engineers, policy-makers, business leaders, researchers, and public health specialists at all levels who use or implement health care services for underserved populations. In addition, as health care providers use radiology in the process of clinical decision-making, this title is also designed for clinical physicians, nurses, nurse-practitioners, physician assistants, and paramedical personnel. Administrators and public health personnel will also be interested, as the planning of radiology services for health care systems at both the facility level and at the population level requires a clear understanding of the technological challenges and management opportunities.

The World Health Organization stated that approximately two-thirds of the world’s population lacks adequate access to medical imaging. The scarcity of imaging services in developing regions contributes to a widening disparity of health care and limits global public health programs that require imaging. Radiology is an important component of many global health programs, including those that address tuberculosis, AIDS-related disease, trauma, occupational and environmental exposures, breast cancer screening, and maternal-infant health care. There is a growing need for medical imaging in global health efforts and humanitarian outreach, particularly as an increasing number of academic, government, and non-governmental organizations expand delivery of health care to disadvantaged people worldwide. To systematically deploy clinical imaging services to low-resource settings requires contributions from a variety of disciplines such as clinical radiology, epidemiology, public health, finance, radiation physics, information technology, engineering, and others. This book will review critical concepts for those interested in managing, establishing, or participating in a medical imaging program for resource-limited environments and diverse cross-cultural contexts undergoing imaging technology adaptation.

This book presents the patient management challenges that rural health centers face, and establishes the criteria for the type of medical imaging services that should be available in such facilities. To make the work of the center’s health practitioners more effective and efficient, the book assesses what health conditions may require medical attention in those centers. Information is provided on how to use basic imaging modalities, such as radiography and ultrasound, emphasizing the need for thoughtful service planning, careful equipment and imaging protocol selection, continuous staff training, and the implementation of quality control programs. The book is also a valuable resource for those physicians, medical physicists and service engineers who provide virtual and physical consultations to meet these needs. Rural health centers are established to prevent patients from being forced to travel to distant urban medical facilities. To manage patients properly, rural health centers should be part of regional and more complete systems of medical health care installations in the country on the basis of a referral and counter-referral program. Thus, the centers should have the infrastructure needed to transport patients to urban hospitals when they need more complex health care. The coordination of all the activities is possible only if rural health centers are led by strong and dedicated managers.

Radiology at a Glance The market-leading at a Glance series is popular among healthcare students, and newly qualified practitioners for its concise and simple approach and excellent illustrations. Each bite-sized chapter is covered in a double-page spread with clear, easy-to-follow diagrams, supported by succinct explanatory text. Covering a wide range of topics, books in the at a Glance series are ideal as introductory texts for teaching, learning and revision, and are useful throughout university and beyond. Everything you need to know about Radiology... at a Glance! Addressing the basic concepts of radiological physics and radiation protection, together with a structured approach to image interpretation, Radiology at a Glance is the perfect guide for medical students, junior doctors and radiologists. Covering the radiology of plain films, fluoroscopy, CT, MRI, intervention, nuclear medicine and mammography, this edition has been fully updated to reflect advances in the field and now contains new spreads on cardiac, breast and bowel imaging, as well as further information on interventional radiology. Radiology at a Glance: Assumes no prior knowledge of radiology Addresses both theory and clinical practice through theoretical and case-based chapters Provides structured help in assessing which radiological procedures are most appropriate for specific clinical problems Includes increased image clarity Supported by ‘classic cases’ chapters in each section, and presented in a clear and concise format, Radiology at a Glance is easily accessible whether on the ward or as a quick revision guide. For more information on the complete range of Wiley medical student and junior doctor publishing, please visit: www.wileymedicaleducation.com To receive automatic updates on Wiley books and journals, join our email list. Sign up today at www.wiley.com/email All content reviewed by students for students Wiley Medical Education books are designed exactly for their intended audience. All of our books are developed in collaboration with students. This means that our books are always published with you, the student, in mind. If you would like to be one of our student reviewers, go to www.reviewmedicalbooks.com to find out more. This title is also available as an e-book. For more details, please see www.wiley.com/buy/9781118914779

Medical imaging has transformed the ways in which various conditions, injuries, and diseases are identified, monitored, and treated. As various types of digital visual representations continue to advance and improve, new opportunities for their use in medical practice will likewise evolve. Medical Imaging: Concepts, Methodologies, Tools, and Applications presents a compendium of research on digital imaging technologies in a variety of healthcare settings. This multi-volume work contains practical examples of implementation, emerging trends, case studies, and technological innovations essential for using imaging technologies for making medical decisions. This comprehensive publication is an essential resource for medical practitioners, digital imaging technologists, researchers, and medical students.

The present volume in the series of WHO manuals in diagnostic imaging, the Radiographic Anatomy and Interpretation of the Chest provides an exhaustive description of radiographic normal anatomy as well as the most common pathologic changes seen in the chest, focusing specifically on pulmonary and cardiac problems. The text aims to provide an aid to the interpretation of the chest radiograph (CXR). It is not a comprehensive account of all possible chest diseases but a descriptive text to help identify the way in which chest pathology is manifest and diagnosed on CXR. The initial chapters deal with interpretive skills and pattern recognition and the later chapters demonstrate specific pathologies. Backed by high-quality reproduction of radiographs, this manual will prove essential reading to general practitioners, medical specialists, radiographers, and radiologists in any medical settings, although focusing specifically on needs in small and mid-size hospitals.

Search Pattern is a collection of step-by-step guides to more than a hundred of the most common types of studies in radiology. Blind spots reported in the literature as well as practical wisdom from experts is synthesized into highly structured processes that can guide the development of better practice. Much of the contained insight has never been organized in one place before. Search Pattern covers almost every type of study that a radiologist will encounter in training or practice. This text is written with the assumption that the reader has familiarity with basic radiologic terminology, anatomy, and physics. In the interest of brevity, almost all information outside of the organized approaches is omitted. The reader is encouraged to look up terms, images, and background information from supplementary resources. Formalized teaching of search patterns is a missing part of the educational literature in our field. Hopefully this book helps fill that void. It is one that I would have benefited from greatly when I was a resident.

A didactic, illustrated guide to the use of ultrasound as a diagnostic tool in clinical practice. Prepared by an international group of experts with wide experience in both developed and developing countries, the manual responds to the need for a basic reference text that can help doctors, sonographers, nurses, and midwives solve imaging problems when no experts are available. With this need in mind, the manual adopts a practical approach aimed at providing a thorough grounding in both the techniques of ultrasound and the interpretation of images. The need for extensive supervised training is repeatedly emphasized. Because the clinical value of ultrasound depends so greatly on the experience and skill of the operator, the manual makes a special effort to alert readers to common pitfalls and errors, and to indicate specific clinical situations where ultrasound may not be helpful or reliable as a diagnostic tool. Explanatory text is supported by numerous practical tips, warnings, checklists and over 600 illustrations. The opening chapters explain how ultrasound works, outline the factors to consider when choosing a scanner, and introduce the basic rules of scanning, including advice on how to recognize and interpret artefacts. Guidance on the selection of ultrasound equipment includes clear advice concerning where costs can be spared and where investment is essential. The core of the manual consists of seventeen chapters providing guidance on scanning techniques and the interpretation of images for specific organs and anatomical sites, with the most extensive chapter devoted to obstetrics. Each chapter contains illustrated information on indications for scanning, preparation of the patient, including choice of transducer and setting of the correct gain, general scanning techniques, and specific techniques for identifying anatomical landmarks and recognizing abnormalities. The manual concludes with WHO specifications for a general purpose scanner judged entirely suitable for 90-95% of the most common ultrasound examinations.