Smart Materials For Advanced Environmental Applications

This book is dedicated to the innovative and emerging applications of designed functional surfaces to solving environmental challenges.

Presents novel, nanotechnology-based solutions for urgent environmental engineering problems Clear and concise from beginning to end, this book focuses on the design and application of artificially intelligent nanomaterials, which help in solving many tangible environmental problems?especially water and air pollution. It lays out the design concepts, major chemical principles, and materials considerations of artificially intelligent nanomaterials for environmental engineering, and provides proof-of-concept examples such as improved filtration membranes, nanofibrous air filters, and molecularly imprinted nanomaterials. Artificially Intelligent Nanomaterials: For Environmental Engineering starts by describing the background of environmental nanotechnology, the rise of Artificial Intelligence (AI), and the current status of AI in environmental engineering. It then looks at: intelligently functional materials and responsive mechanisms; designing filtration membranes with responsive gates; switchable wettability materials for controllable oil/water separation; and self-healing materials for environmental applications. The book continues with chapters that examine: emerging nanofibrous air filters for PM2.5 removal; self-propelled nanomotors for environmental applications; molecular imprinting in wastewater treatment; and emerging synergistically multifunctional and all-in-one nanomaterials and nanodevices in advanced environmental applications. -Presents the state-of-the-art in environmental technology and puts forward bold ideas for its advancement -Addresses global challenges, including all important water and air quality which are critical for human health and a sustainable future -Concentrates on nanotechnology-enabled solutions for pollutant removal from water and air Artificially Intelligent Nanomaterials: For Environmental Engineering is an ideal book for undergraduates, graduates, scientists, and professionals in the fields of environmental science, material science, chemistry, and chemistry engineering.

Smart materials are used to develop more cost-effective and high-performance water treatment systems as well as instant and continuous ways to monitor water quality. Smart materials in water research have been extensively utilized for the treatment, remediation, and pollution prevention. Smart materials can maintain the long term water quality, availability and viability of water resource. Thus, water via smart materials can be reused, recycled, desalinized and also it can detect the biological and chemical contamination whether the source is from municipal, industrial or man-made waste. The 15 state-of-the-art review chapters contained in this book cover the recent advancements in the area of waste water, as well as the prospects about the future research and development of smart materials for the waste water applications in the municipal, industrial and manmade waste areas. Treatment techniques (nanofiltration, ultrafiltration, reverse osmosis, adsorption and nano-reactive membranes) are also covered in-depth. The chapters are divided into three groups: The first section includes the various carbon nanomaterials (such as carbon nanotubes, mixed oxides) with a focus on use of carbon at nanoscale applied for waste water research. The second section focuses on synthetic nanomaterials for pollutants removal. The third section highlights the bio-polymeric nanomaterials where the authors have used the natural polymers matrices in a composite and nanocomposite material for waste treatment. The large number of researchers working in the area will benefit from the fundamental concepts, advanced approaches and application of the various smart materials towards waste water treatment that are described in the book. It will also provide a platform for the researchers and graduate students to carry out advanced research and understand the building blocks.

"Smart" materials respond to environmental stimuli with particular changes in some variables. For that reason they are often also called responsive materials. Depending on changes in some external conditions, "smart" materials change either their properties (mechanical, electrical, appearance), their structure or composition, or their functions. Mostly, "smart" materials are embedded in systems whose inherent properties can be favourably changed to meet performance needs. Smart materials and structures have widespread applications in: 1. Materials science: composites, ceramics, processing science, interface science, sensor/actuator materials, chiral materials, conducting and chiral polymers, electrochromic materials, liquid crystals, molecular-level smart materials, biomaterials. 2. Sensing and actuation: electromagnetic, acoustic, chemical and mechanical sensing and actuation, single-measurand sensors, multiplexed multimeasurand distributed sensors and actuators, sensor/actuator signal processing, compatibility of sensors and actuators with conventional and advanced materials, smart sensors for materials and composites processing. 3. Optics and electromagnetics: optical fibre technology, active and adaptive optical systems and components, tuneable high-dielectric phase shifters, tuneable surface control. 4. Structures: smart skins for drag and turbulence control, other applications in aerospace/hydrospace structures, civil infrastructures, transportation vehicles, manufacturing equipment, repairability and maintainability. 5. Control: structural acoustic control, distributed control, analogue and digital feedback control, real-time implementation, adaptive structure stability, damage implications for structural control. 6. Information processing: neural networks, data processing, data visualisation and reliability. This book presents leading research from around the globe in this field.

Nanomaterials for Environmental Applications offers a comprehensive review of the latest advances in nanomaterials-based technologies for the treatment of emerging contaminants in wastewater. It describes the latest developments in the synthesis protocols, including the synthesis of different kinds of nanostructure materials using various physical and chemical methods. Features Discusses the synthesis and characterization of important nanomaterials such as carbon nanostructures, metal and metal oxide nanostructures, polymer nanostructures, and smart 1D-–3D nanomaterials Presents the latest techniques used in the characterization of nanomaterials Covers environmental applications including the remediation of pollutants in wastewater and water purification and disinfection Examines the sources, fate, transport, and ecotoxicology of nanomaterials in the environment. Aimed at researchers and industry professionals, this work will be of interest to chemical, environmental, and materials engineers concerned with the application of advanced materials for environmental and water remediation. Mohamed Abou El-Fetouh Barakat is a Professor of Environmental Sciences at both King Abdulaziz University (KAU)- Saudi Arabia, and Central Metallurgical R&D Institute (CMRDI)- Egypt. He is highly qualified in the fields of industrial waste management and pollution control as well as catalysis and nanotechnology. His experience includes academic research works in Japan, Germany, the United States and Saudi Arabia, as well as initiating and leading industrial research projects in Egypt jointly with the United States. Rajeev Kumar is an Associate Professor in the Environmental Science Department, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. His research activities are in the areas of wastewater treatment and materials science. He studies the adsorption and photocatalytic properties of nanomaterials for the removal of contaminants from wastewater.

Electrochromic devices have a wide range of applications, including displays, self-dimming mirrors for automobiles, electrochromic e-skins, textiles, and smart windows for energy-efficient buildings. This title covers major topics related to the phenomenon of electrochromism, highlighting a broad range of existing and potential applications of electrochromic materials and devices. Providing a comprehensive overview of the field, it will be of interest to postgraduate students and researchers in both academia and industry interested in smart design, materials science and engineering.

The development, processing, and applications of smart materials presents many challenges, including performance correlations to the nature of their reinforcement and the sustainability of such materials through their recyclability, durability, and reparability. Experts have identified the challenge of achieving sustainable development and in this book highlight how smart materials can provide a solution to the problem. It emphasizes the multidisciplinary nature of smart materials and their potential for enhancing product functionalities and capabilities in different sectors, including the biomedical, pharmaceutical, aerospace, construction, automotive, and food industries. Modeling, Characterization, and Processing of Smart Materials proposes a comprehensive guide to addressing the challenges associated with smart materials, including the need for optimization and sustainability, and provides various nature-inspired algorithms, computational and simulation approaches, and artificial intelligence-based strategies for developing innovative smart materials. It also presents potential solutions for the limitations of smart materials and emphasizes the role of Industry 4.0 in maintaining their sustainability. Overall, this book offers a valuable problem-solution perspective on the development and applications of smart materials, making it an essential reference guide for academic researchers and industrial engineers in the fields of material science, chemical engineering, and environmental engineering.

In the last couple of decades, research in the area of tissue engineering has witnessed tremendous progress. The focus has been on replacing or facilitating the regeneration of damaged or diseased cell, tissue or organs by applying a biomaterial support system, and a combination of cells and bioactive molecules. In addition new smart materials have been developed which provide opportunities to fabricate, characterize and utilize materials systematically to control cell behaviours and tissue formation by biomimetic topography that closely replicate the natural extracellular matrix. Following on from Smart Materials for Tissue Engineering: Fundamental Principles, this book comprehensively covers the different uses of smart materials in tissues engineering, providing a valuable resource for biochemists, materials scientists and biomedical engineers working in industry and academia.