Soil Microorganisms And Higher Plants

This book is devoted to the problem of the interaction between soil microorganisms and higher plants. The material presented includes basic information on the structure, development, variability and classification of bacteria, actinomycetes and fungi in the light of recent scientific achievements, as well as information on the importance of microorganisms in plant nutrition, the role of micro-activities in the complementary nutrition of plants, the effect of microbes on the vitamin content of plants, their importance in plant development and their influence on soil fertility. In addition, data are given on the importance of antibiotics as a means of therapy and prevention of diseases in agricultural practice. The book is designed for the use of microbiologists. plant physiologists, soil specialists, phytopathologists, mycologists, agrobilologists, and agronomists. It may also serve as a textbook for students In biological faculties of universities or agricultural and forestry institutes.

When we are standing on the ground, we are really standing on roof-top of other world. Soil might look dirt but it is far more interestings; living in the soil or plant roots, bacteria, fungi, actinomycetes, algae, lichens, protozoan, nematodes etc. These exist in great diversity among various microorganisms and even with in a group of microorganisms, dependng on the habitat and environmental factors. Soils are formed from a stew of geological ingredients or parent material (rock and mineral), water and billions of organisms. The interaction between climate, parent of soil properties that are unique to the soil type and climate. It has been proposed that a micorbe should be considered as a new state symbol in the company of state animals, the state bird, state flower, state fish and state insect. The state microbe will be a living symbol of an organism that reflect the culture and heritage of people and will contribute mightily to the state s economy. The present Volume is compendium of wide ranging modern topics on soil microbiology. It is an assemblage of the up-to-date information of rapid advances and developments taking place in the field of soil microbilogy. The book is a unique compilation of 30 Chapters which discuss exhaustive studies on algae, fungi, lichens, mycorrhizae, bacteria, virus and other microroorganisms. This book will be a mile-stone in the field of soil microbiology, because it will open a new vista in the field of soil microbiology and its applied aspects. The authors have done a tremendous job of synthesizing all the recent and up-to-date information. The present book aimed to emphasise on diverse aspects of soil microflora. The various information incorporated in the book by authors who are internationally acknowledged experts in the microbiology and are the eminent scientists of the Country, they have made sincere efforts to make their papers as recent and comprehensive as possible. The book has been framed with the intention of providing a sufficient depth of the subject to satisfy the needs at a level which will be comprehensive and interesting. The book will be useful to the students, theacher, scientists and researchers from the different branches of soil microbiology. It is hoped that the will fully meet the objectives of catering the needs of the students and researchers in the fields of Botany, Microbiology, Soil Science, Agricultural Science and Forestry of all Indian Universities. Contents Chapter 1: Soil Microflora: A General Aspect by Mukesh Kumar, Anjali Khare and Rajan Kumar Gupta; Chapter 2: Distribution of Cyanobacteria in Coastal Sandy Soils and Alumina Mine Waste Soils of Orissa by S P Adhikary and Pramila Tripathy; Chapter 3: Significance of Soil Microorganisms in Sustainable Agriculture by Shalini Singh, Rachana Srivastava and Y V Singh; Chapter 4: Impact of Herbicides on Cyanobacterial Flora of Rice Fields by Mihir Kumar Das; Chapter 5: Mycorrhizae: Benefits and Practical Applications in Forest Management by K P Singh, P Srinivas and Bijendra Kumar; Chapter 6: Role of Earthworms in Soil Biology and Crop Production by Y V Singh, Shalini Singh and Rachana Srivastava; Chapter 7: Diversity of Soil Lichens in India by Roshni Khare, D K Upreti, Sanjeeva Nayaka and R K Gupta; Chapter 8: Bacterial and Fungal Diversity in Alkali Affected Soil by Kaushal Pratapo Singh, Dheeraj Mohan and Seema Bhadauria; Chapter 9: Frankia-Actinorhizal Symbiosis: An Overview by Amrita Srivastava, Anju Singh, Satya Shila Singh and Arun Kumar Mishra; Chapter 10: Cyanobacterial Surfactants Enhance the Fertility and Stability of Tropical Soils by Usha Pandey; Chapter 11: Soil Denitrifying Bacteria and Environmental Factros Regulating Denitrification in Soil by Paromita Ghosh; Chapter 12: Molecular Mechanism of Nitrogen Fixation in Rhizobium by Ravi Rajhans and Rajan Kumar Gupta; Chapter 13: Role of Soil Microorganisms in Nutrition and Health of Higher Plants by Dheeraj Mohan, Preetesh Kumari, Kaushal Pratap Singh and Anurahda Chauhan; Chapter 14: Soil Microflora and their Impact on Soil Health by Narendra Kumar, Pawan Kumar and Surendra Singh; Chapter 15: Soil Microbes and their Importance by Anjana K Vala and Anita Suresh Kumar; Chapter 16: Freeze Recovery and Nitrogenase Activity in Antarctic Cyanobacterium Nostoc Commune by Rajan Kumar Gupta and Mukesh Kumar; Chapter 17: Seasonal Variation in Root Colonization and Rhizosphere Soil Spore Population of Mycorrhiza Species in Various Plants Growing in Alkali Soil by Kaushal Pratap Singh, Dheeraj Mohan, Rekha Yadav, Seema Bhadauria and Chatar Singh; Chapter 18: Nitrogen Fixing Soil Microflora by Yashveer Singh; Chapter 19: Agrobacterium: A Natural Genetic Engineer by Ashutosh Bahuguna, Madhuri K Lily and Koushalya Dangwal; Chapter 20: Association of Vesicular Arbuscular Mycorrhizas with Ornamental Plant Petunia by Deepak Vyas Deepali Bilthare, Pramod Kumar Richhariya and Rajan Kumar Gupta; Chapter 21: Cyanobacterial Biodiversity in the Soils of Kumaon Region by Anjali Khare, Mukesh Kumar and Promod Kumar; Chapter 22: Ecological Diversities in Soil Microorganisms by P B Tiwary; Chapter 23: Biocontrol of Leaf Rot of Pan Caused by Phytophthora Parasitica var Piperina by Native Fungal Species by Deepak Vyas, Rajesh Yadav and Rajan Kumar Gupta; Chapter 24: Azotobacter: Recent Advances by Sangeeta Paul and Bishwajeet Paul; Chapter 25: Prospects and Potential of Azolla-Anabaena System by G Abraham, Sudheer Saxena and Dolly Wattal Dhar; Chapter 26: Ecological and Biotechnological Relevance of Cyanobacteria by Kaushal Kishore Choudhary; Chapter 27: Usse of Azolla as Cheap and Sustainable Source of Feed and Other Utililties for Future by G Abraham, Raghubir Shah and Dolly Wattal Dhar; Chapter 28: Soil Micro-diversity and its Importacne in Agriculture by G K Sharma; Chapter 29: Soil Microflora of Rohilkhand Division by Iqbal Habib and U K Chaturvedi; Chapter 30: Role of Cyanobacteria in Amelioration of Soil by Pramita Jaiswal

Written by leading experts in their respective fields, Principles and Applications of Soil Microbiology 3e, provides a comprehensive, balanced introduction to soil microbiology, and captures the rapid advances in the field such as recent discoveries regarding habitats and organisms, microbially mediated transformations, and applied environmental topics. Carefully edited for ease of reading, it aids users by providing an excellent multi-authored reference, the type of book that is continually used in the field. Background information is provided in the first part of the book for ease of comprehension. The following chapters then describe such fundamental topics as soil environment and microbial processes, microbial groups and their interactions, and thoroughly addresses critical nutrient cycles and important environmental and agricultural applications. An excellent textbook and desk reference, Principles and Applications of Soil Microbiology, 3e, provides readers with broad, foundational coverage of the vast array of microorganisms that live in soil and the major biogeochemical processes they control. Soil scientists, environmental scientists, and others, including soil health and conservation specialists, will find this material invaluable for understanding the amazingly diverse world of soil microbiology, managing agricultural and environmental systems, and formulating environmental policy. Includes discussion of major microbial methods, embedded within topical chapters Includes information boxes and case studies throughout the text to illustrate major concepts and connect fundamental knowledge with potential applications Study questions at the end of each chapter allow readers to evaluate their understanding of the materials

The soil and the plant. The microbe and its activities. The soil population and its distribution. Rôle of microbes in the decomposition of organic substances in the soil. Transformation of nitrogen by soil microbes. Transformation of mineral substances in soil through the direct or indirect action of microorganisms. Interrelationships between higher plants and soil microorganisms. Modification of the soil population. Importance of microbes in soil fertility.