Solar Driven Water Treatment

Solar-Driven Water Treatment: Re-engineering and Accelerating Nature's Water Cycle looks at the use of solar energy and in particular photovoltaic technologies, as a viable, accessible and sustainable option in the treatment of water. Solar-Driven Water Treatment: Re-engineering and Accelerating Nature's Water Cycle provides insight into the different solar powered technologies, in-depth information about the viability of sunlight in the water treatment process, the potential environmental implications as well as the performance, economics, operation and maintenance of the discussed technologies. Elaborating on the potential issues and health risks associated with the water purification systems this reference also covers the need for appropriate technologies in the present scenario to improve worldwide access to clean drinking water. Readers will learn the most appropriate technology for their specific need making this book useful for renewable energy and environmental engineers in investigating energy efficiency, water treatment technologies, and the economics of technological change in the treatment of water by solar technologies. - Provides a valuable resource on how to solve the issue of drinking water scarcity by solar energy - Describes various solar water treatment techniques with their environmental impacts - Cover issues associated with solar water purification and the need for technology assessment

Presents recent challenges related to new forms of pollution from industries and discusses adequate state-of-the-art technologies capable to remediate such forms of pollution. Over the past few decades the boom in the industrial sector has contributed to the release in the environment of pollutants that have no regulatory status and which may have significant impact on the health of humans and animals. These pollutants also referred to as "emerging pollutants", are mostly aromatic compounds which derive from excretion of pharmaceutical, industrial effluents and municipal discharge. It is recurrent these days to find water treatment plants which no longer produce water that fits the purpose of domestic consumption based on newly established guidelines. This situation has prompted water authorities and researchers to develop tools for proper prediction and control of the dispersion of pollutants in the environment to ensure that appropriate measures are taken to prevent the occurrence of outbreaks due to sudden load of these pollutants in the water system. The chapters in this book cover a wide range of nano and bio-based techniques that have been designed for the real time detection of emerging contaminants in environmental water sources, geochemical models that are continuously improved for the prediction of inorganic contaminants migration from the mine solid wastes into ground and surface waters. Remediation strategies are also discussed and include effective techniques based on nanotechnology, advanced membrane filtration, oxidative and bio-degradation processes using various types of nanocatalysts, biocatalysts or supporting polymer matrices which are under advanced investigations for their implementation at large scale for the removal of recalcitrant pollutants from polluted water. Nano and Bio-Based Technologies for Wastewater Treatment: Prediction and Control Tools for the Dispersion of Pollutants in the Environment is divided is two sections. The first section covers the occurrence of emerging pollutants in environmental water while the second section covers state-of-the-art research on the removal of emerging pollutants from water using sustainable technologies. A total of 13 chapters addressing various topics related to the two sections are essentially based on recent developments in the respective field which could have a significant impact on the enhancement of the performance of wastewater treatment plants around the world, and especially in developing countries where access to clean and safe water remains a daily challenge.

Photothermal Materials and Membranes for Solar-Driven Water Treatment provides a comprehensive understanding of the chemistry of different photothermal materials, mechanistic pathways for light-to-heat energy conversion, design, and development of various 3D evaporation systems configurations, and photothermal membranes for water treatment. The book contributes to the understanding of photothermal materials to system design for efficient solar-to-heat conversion and solar-steam generation and paves the way forward to meet increasing freshwater demand through a sustainable and environmentally friendly approach. The book provides an in-depth introduction to emerging concepts such as steam generation; gives the basics of solar light and solar-light-adsorbing materials' function, efficiency, and applications; discusses the preparation of photothermal materials and membranes; analyzes the key characteristic properties of photothermal materials; elaborates on water evaporation using nature-inspired system design; and highlights the key commercialization approaches and technologies. This book is an excellent resource for chemical engineers, materials scientists, energy technologists, environmentalists, policymakers, and regulatory bodies working on water treatment, wastewater decontamination, photothermal materials and membranes, photocatalytic materials, membrane separation, and membrane filtration. - Provides the fundamental aspects of solar-driven water treatment technologies, and photothermal membranes and materials - Provides a comprehensive analysis of solar water evaporator design, choice and development of photothermal membranes, and materials for solar-driven water treatment - Discusses the performance parameters of photothermal membranes and materials to evaluate their efficacy in solar-driven water treatment processes

Ron DiPippo, Professor Emeritus at the University of Massachusetts Dartmouth, is a world-regarded geothermal expert. This single resource covers all aspects of the utilization of geothermal energy for power generation from fundamental scientific and engineering principles. The thermodynamic basis for the design of geothermal power plants is at the heart of the book and readers are clearly guided on the process of designing and analysing the key types of geothermal energy conversion systems. Its practical emphasis is enhanced by the use of case studies from real plants that increase the reader's understanding of geothermal energy conversion and provide a unique compilation of hard-to-obtain data and experience. An important new chapter covers Environmental Impact and Abatement Technologies, including gaseous and solid emissions; water, noise and thermal pollutions; land usage; disturbance of natural hydrothermal manifestations, habitats and vegetation; minimisation of CO2 emissions and environmental impact assessment.The book is illustrated with over 240 photographs and drawings. Nine chapters include practice problems, with solutions, which enable the book to be used as a course text. Also includes a definitive worldwide compilation of every geothermal power plant that has operated, unit by unit, plus a concise primer on the applicable thermodynamics.* Engineering principles are at the heart of the book, with complete coverage of the thermodynamic basis for the design of geothermal power systems* Practical applications are backed up by an extensive selection of case studies that show how geothermal energy conversion systems have been designed, applied and exploited in practice* World renowned geothermal expert DiPippo has including a new chapter on Environmental Impact and Abatement Technology in this new edition

Sterilizing water is a big job. Solar electric (PV) powered UV water sterilizers are an effective way to sterilize your water from local polluted sources, even brackish water, with safety, reliability, and no fuel-costs. Water found in nature is full of pathogens which can cause disease and illness. Ultra-violet (UV) sterilizers kill 99.99% of all dangerous pathogens and renders your water potable, and safe to drink. The need for water treatment usually occurs far away from an electrical outlet. Remote sites and locations, as well as occasions of Natural or Man-Made disaster, often need water treatment onsite, but lack the equipment and power supply to power the water sterilizing equipment on location. Solar PV powered UV water sterilizer systems offer complete solutions for remote-site water treatment and sterilization. This Book focuses on UV water treatment from 4 Gallons per Minute to 43,000 Gallons per Day - all Solar Powered. Included are specific Solar Power Supply examples, with included Parts Lists, to power these UV water sterilizing systems at your remote and off-grid location.

There is an increasing demand for advancing conventional desalination technologies and developing novel solar powered desalination processes. In this chapter, the use of solar powered thermal desalination will be discussed comprehensively. The different existing methods of solar energy utilization for seawater desalination will be discussed, which includes solar stills, solar powered humidification-dehumidification (HDH) desalination, solar diffusion driven desalination, solar membrane distillation, concentrated solar power (CSP) based desalination, and solar pond distillation. The advantages and limitations of these thermal desalination technology will be discussed. In addition, the environmental impacts of solar desalination will be discussed due to its importance for adoption.

Solar power for pumping groundwater has a vast potential for improving the sustainability of water supply schemes. However experience also shows that a lack of knowledge, capacity and expertise to design and implement such schemes is holding back their adoption. This book bridges this gap to equip engineers and technicians with the requisite knowledge for design, implementation and operation of sustainable solar powered water schemes.Solar Pumping for Water Supply is a state of the art review of solar water pumping technology combined with practical insights, lessons and best practices drawn from experience. It takes the reader step by step through the different phases that comprise a solar water pumping project, namely: assessment, design, purchase of equipment, installation, operation and management. The book also covers the economics of using solar pumping technology, especially when compared to diesel generators and hand pumps. Finally, the social aspects are included, specifically relating to the operation and management of solar pumping systems and the role that beneficiaries, implementers, government and the private sector might play to ensure long-lasting water supply. The book provides links and references to tools, documents and videos to accompany the content of the different chapters.Essential reading for solar technical practitioners at NGOs, UN agencies, government offices and private sector, including Global and Regional Technical advisors and Field engineers wanting to understand and know how to design water systems using solar power. A basic knowledge in the field of water supply is assumed, but no previous knowledge of solar photovoltaic technology is required.Alberto Ibáñez Llario is a Global Solar and Water Advisor with the International Organization for Migration and has 15 years of experience in water systems and solar PV in various locations around the world.Asenath Kiprono is a solar water pumping expert with 12 years' experience in design and implementation of pumping systems in rural Africa, including solar pumping systems in the private, public and humanitarian sectors.