Solitons In Multidimensions Inverse Spectral Transform Method

The book is devoted to the mathematical theory of soliton phenomena on the plane. The inverse spectral transform method which is a main tool for the study of the (2+1)-dimensional soliton equation is reviewed. The ∂-problem and the Riemann-Hilbert problem method are discussed. Several basic examples of soliton equations are considered in detail. This volume is addressed both to the nonexpert and to the researcher in the field. This is the first literature dealing specifically with multidimensional solition equations.

The soliton represents one ofthe most important ofnonlinear phenomena in modern physics. It constitutes an essentially localizedentity with a set ofremarkable properties. Solitons are found in various areas of physics from gravitation and field theory, plasma physics, and nonlinear optics to solid state physics and hydrodynamics. Nonlinear equations which describe soliton phenomena are ubiquitous. Solitons and the equations which commonly describe them are also of great mathematical interest. Thus, the dis covery in 1967and subsequent development ofthe inversescattering transform method that provides the mathematical structure underlying soliton theory constitutes one of the most important developments in modern theoretical physics. The inversescattering transform method is now established as a very powerful tool in the investigation of nonlinear partial differential equations. The inverse scattering transform method, since its discoverysome two decades ago, has been applied to a great variety of nonlinear equations which arise in diverse fields of physics. These include ordinary differential equations, partial differential equations, integrodifferential, and differential-difference equations. The inverse scattering trans form method has allowed the investigation of these equations in a manner comparable to that of the Fourier method for linear equations.

Spectral Transform and Solitons

This is the first book to treat combinatorial and geometric aspects of two-dimensional solitons. Based on recent research by the author and his collaborators, the book presents new developments focused on an interplay between the theory of solitons and the combinatorics of finite-dimensional Grassmannians, in particular, the totally nonnegative (TNN) parts of the Grassmannians. The book begins with a brief introduction to the theory of the Kadomtsev–Petviashvili (KP) equation and its soliton solutions, called the KP solitons. Owing to the nonlinearity in the KP equation, the KP solitons form very complex but interesting web-like patterns in two dimensions. These patterns are referred to as soliton graphs. The main aim of the book is to investigate the detailed structure of the soliton graphs and to classify these graphs. It turns out that the problem has an intimate connection with the study of the TNN part of the Grassmannians. The book also provides an elementary introduction to the recent development of the combinatorial aspect of the TNN Grassmannians and their parameterizations, which will be useful for solving the classification problem. This work appeals to readers interested in real algebraic geometry, combinatorics, and soliton theory of integrable systems. It can serve as a valuable reference for an expert, a textbook for a special topics graduate course, or a source for independent study projects for advanced upper-level undergraduates specializing in physics and mathematics.

This newly updated volume of the Encyclopedia of Complexity and Systems Science (ECSS) presents several mathematical models that describe this physical phenomenon, including the famous non-linear equation Korteweg-de-Vries (KdV) that represents the canonical form of solitons. Also, there exists a class of nonlinear partial differential equations that led to solitons, e.g., Kadomtsev-Petviashvili (KP), Klein-Gordon (KG), Sine-Gordon (SG), Non-Linear Schrödinger (NLS), Korteweg-de-Vries Burger’s (KdVB), etc. Different linear mathematical methods can be used to solve these models analytically, such as the Inverse Scattering Transformation (IST), Adomian Decomposition Method, Variational Iteration Method (VIM), Homotopy Analysis Method (HAM) and Homotopy Perturbation Method (HPM). Other non-analytic methods use the computational techniques available in such popular mathematical packages as Mathematica, Maple, and MATLAB. The main purpose of this volume is to provide physicists, engineers, and their students with the proper methods and tools to solve the soliton equations, and to discover the new possibilities of using solitons in multi-disciplinary areas ranging from telecommunications to biology, cosmology, and oceanographic studies.

This book constitutes the proceedings of the International Conference on Information Computing and Applications, held in Tangshan, China, in October 2010.

Soliton theory as a method for solving some classes of nonlinear evolution equations (soliton equations) is one of the most actively developing topics in mathematical physics. This book presents some spectral theory methods for the investigation of soliton equations ad the inverse scattering problems related to these equations. The authors give the theory of expansions for the Sturm-Liouville operator and the Dirac operator. On this basis, the spectral theory of recursion operators generating Korteweg-de Vries type equations is presented and the Ablowitz-Kaup-Newell-Segur scheme, through which the inverse scattering method could be understood as a Fourier-type transformation, is considered. Following these ideas, the authors investigate some of the questions related to inverse spectral problems, i.e. uniqueness theorems, construction of explicit solutions and approximative methods for solving inverse scattering problems. A rigorous investigation of the stability of soliton solutions including solitary waves for equations which do not allow integration within inverse scattering method is also presented.

Swift progress and new applications characterize the area of solitons and the inverse scattering transform. There are rapid developments in current nonlinear optical technology: Larger intensities are more available; pulse widths are smaller; relaxation times and damping rates are less significant. In keeping with these advancements, exactly integrable soliton equations, such as $3$-wave resonant interactions and second harmonic generation, are becoming more and more relevant in experimental applications. Techniques are now being developed for using these interactions to frequency convert high intensity sources into frequency regimes where there are no lasers. Other experiments involve using these interactions to develop intense variable frequency sources, opening up even more possibilities. This volume contains new developments and state-of-the-art research arising from the conference on the ""Legacy of the Inverse Scattering Transform"" held at Mount Holyoke College (South Hadley, MA). Unique to this volume is the opening section, ""Reviews"". This part of the book provides reviews of major research results in the inverse scattering transform (IST), on the application of IST to classical problems in differential geometry, on algebraic and analytic aspects of soliton-type equations, on a new method for studying boundary value problems for integrable partial differential equations (PDEs) in two dimensions, on chaos in PDEs, on advances in multi-soliton complexes, and on a unified approach to integrable systems via Painleve analysis. This conference provided a forum for general exposition and discussion of recent developments in nonlinear waves and related areas with potential applications to other fields. The book will be of interest to graduate students and researchers interested in mathematics, physics, and engineering.