South African Weather And Atmospheric Phenomena

Why is the sky blue? What is the life cycle of a lightning bolt? Where is the end of the rainbow?

Aloes are stately succulent plants that capture the allure of the African savanna. Aloes in Southern Africa explores the character and biology of African aloes, their habits, characteristic features and distribution in nature. It details 58 aloe and related species, cultivation and propagation, gardening styles and plants that flourish in different regions, plus medicinal, cosmetic and culinary uses. Whether you are starting a garden, redeveloping one or simply looking to expand your knowledge of these fascinating succulents, Aloes in Southern Africa will prove an invaluable guide.

The papers assembled here cover topics such as technological advances in soil salinity mapping and monitoring, management and reclamation of salt-affected soils, use of marginal quality water for crop production, salt-tolerance mechanisms in plants, biosaline agriculture and agroforestry, microbiological interventions for marginal soils, opportunities and challenges in using marginal waters, and soil and water management in irrigated agriculture.

The Weather and Climate of Southern Africa, the second edition of The Atmosphere and Weather of Southern Africa, further consolidates and expands Tyson and Preston-Whyte's in-depth textbook on the meteorology of southern Africa. It offers an introduction to the structure of the atmosphere, anddetailed, well-illustrated discussions on the physics of meteorology, measurement, weather systems, ocean-atmosphere interactions, pollution, climactic change, and forecasting. With a new emphasis on the growing field of climatology, this book is especially pertinent to environmental studies in andon the developing countries of southern Africa, and the relationship of the subcontinent to global weather and climatic changes.

This book investigates elementary processes in the Earth’s atmosphere involving photons, electrons, ions, radicals, and aerosols. It is based on global atmospheric models such as the standard atmospheric model with averaged atmospheric parameters across the globe and over time, the Earth’s energetic balance, and the global electric circuit that allows to analyze fundamental atmospheric properties to be analyzed. Rate constants of elementary processes in the Earth’s atmosphere, together with measured atmospheric parameters and existing concepts of atmospheric phenomena, are used in the analysis of global and local atmospheric processes. Atmospheric photoprocesses result from the interaction of solar radiation with the atmosphere and processes involving ions, oxygen atoms, excited atomic particles and ozone molecules. Atmospheric electricity as a secondary phenomenon to atmospheric water circulation results in a chain of processes that begins with collisions of water aerosols in different aggregate states. Cosmic rays are of importance for atmospheric electricity, as they create positive and negative ions in the air. Air breakdown in an electric field of clouds in the form of lightning may develop under the influence of cosmic ray-created seed electrons, which are necessary for electron multiplication in ionization wave-streamers. The upper atmosphere (ionosphere) is formed under solar radiation in a vacuum ultraviolet spectrum, and absorption of this radiation leads to air photoionization. The greenhouse effect is determined by atmospheric water, whereas transitions between a water vapor and aerosols may lead to a change in atmospheric optical depth. Carbon dioxide contributes in small portions to the atmospheric greenhouse effect. Cosmic rays are of importance for atmospheric discharge, the origin of lightning and cloud formation in the first stage of aerosol growth. This book provides a qualitative description of atmospheric properties and phenomena based on elementary processes and simple models.