Spall Fracture

Shock-induced dynamic fracture of solids is of practical importance in many areas of materials science, chemical physics, engineering, and geophysics. This book, by an international roster of authors, comprises a systematic account of the current state of research in the field, integrating the large amount of work done in the former Soviet Union with the work done in the West. Topics covered include: Wave propagation, experimental techniques and measurements, spallation of materials of different classes (metals, ceramics, glasses, polymers), constitutive models of fracture processes, and computer simulations.

Understanding the physical and thermomechanical response of materials subjected to intensive dynamic loading is a challenge of great significance in engineering today. This volume assumes the task of gathering both experimental and diagnostic methods in one place, since not much information has been previously disseminated in the scientific literature.

My intent in writing this book is to present an introduction to the thermo- chanical theory required to conduct research and pursue applications of shock physics in solid materials. Emphasis is on the range of moderate compression that can be produced by high-velocity impact or detonation of chemical exp- sives and in which elastoplastic responses are observed and simple equations of state are applicable. In the interest of simplicity, the presentation is restricted to plane waves producing uniaxial deformation. Although applications often - volve complex multidimensional deformation fields it is necessary to begin with the simpler case. This is also the most important case because it is the usual setting of experimental research. The presentation is also restricted to theories of material response that are simple enough to permit illustrative problems to be solved with minimal recourse to numerical analysis. The discussions are set in the context of established continuum-mechanical principles. I have endeavored to define the quantities encountered with some care and to provide equations in several convenient forms and in a way that lends itself to easy reference. Thermodynamic analysis plays an important role in continuum mechanics, and I have included a presentation of aspects of this subject that are particularly relevant to shock physics. The notation adopted is that conventional in expositions of modern continuum mechanics, insofar as possible, and variables are explained as they are encountered. Those experienced in shock physics may find some of the notation unconventional.

Rock Dynamics – Experiments, Theories and Applications is a collection of scientific and technical papers presented at the Third International Conference on Rock Dynamics and Applications (RocDyn-3, Trondheim, Norway, 26-27 June 2018). The papers in the book reflect the recent developments in experiment and theory as well as engineering applications of rock dynamics. Rock dynamics studies the response of rock and rock masses under dynamic loading and during the state transition from static loading to kinetic movement. It also includes the study of engineering countermeasures to dynamic instability of rock and rock masses. The topics in the book include: - Dynamic theories - Numerical simulation - Propagation of stress waves - Dynamic tests of rock - Stability of underground openings under dynamic loading - Rockburst - Seismic monitoring - Dynamic rock support - Blasting - Earthquake-related rock structure damage, etc. Applications, such as rockburst, dynamic rock support, seismic monitoring, blasting and earthquake-related rock structure damage, are paid special attention in Rock Dynamics – Experiments, Theories and Applications. The papers, from specialists both from mining and tunnelling branches, discuss commonly interested dynamic issues. Their experience and knowledge in the application of rock dynamics are extremely valuable for all academics, engineers and professionals who work with rock dynamics.

The IUTAM Symposium on Constitutive Relation in High/Very High Strain Rates (CRHVHSR) was held October 16 - 19, 1995, at Seminar House, Science University of Tokyo, under the sponsorship of IUTAM, Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, The Commemorative Association for the Japan World Exposition (1970), Inoue Foundation for Science, The Japan Society for Aeronautical and Space Sciences, and Science University of Tokyo. The proposal to hold the symposium was accepted by the General Assembly of IUT AM held in Haifa, Israel, in August 1992, and the scientists mentioned below were appointed by the Bureau of IUTAM to serve as members of the Scientific Committee. The main object of the symposium was to make a general survey of recent developments in the research of constitutive relations in high and very high strain rates and related problems in high velocity solid mechanics, and to explore further new ideas for dealing with unresolved problems of a fundamental nature as well as of practical importance. The subjects covered theoretical, experimental, and numerical fields in the above-mentioned problems in solids, covering metals, polymers, ceramics, and composites. Emphasis was given to the following fields: 1. Material characterization of solids in high velocity deformation, experimental techniques, typical data obtained by these techniques, modeling, and constitutive relations 2. Strain rate dependent elasto-visco-plastic stress waves 3. Crack initiation, propagation, and dynamic fracture toughness 4. Dynamic stress concentration 5. Structural dynamics in impact and constitutive relations of solids 6.

Dynamic Response of Advanced Ceramics Discover fundamental concepts and recent advances in experimental, analytical, and computational research into the dynamic behavior of ceramics In Dynamic Response of Advanced Ceramics, an accomplished team of internationally renowned researchers delivers a comprehensive exploration of foundational and advanced concepts in experimental, analytical, and computational aspects of the dynamic behavior of advanced structural ceramics and transparent materials. The book discusses new techniques used for determination of dynamic hardness and dynamic fracture toughness, as well as edge-on-impact experiments for imaging evolving damage patterns at high impact velocities. The authors also include descriptions of the dynamic deformation behavior of icosahedral ceramics and the dynamic behavior of several transparent materials, like chemically strengthened glass and glass ceramics. The developments discussed within the book have applications in everything from high-speed machining to cutting, grinding, and blast protection. Readers will also benefit from a presentation of emerging trends and directions in research on this subject as well as current challenges in experimental and computational domains, including: An introduction to the history of ceramic materials and their dynamic behavior, including examples of material response to high-strain-rate loading An exploration of high-strain-rate experimental techniques, like 1D elastic stress-wave propagation techniques, shock waves, and impact testing Discussions of the static and dynamic responses of ceramics and the shock response of brittle solids An overview of deformation mechanisms during projectile impact on a confined ceramic, including damage evolution during the nonpenetration and penetration phases. Perfect for researchers, scientists, and engineers working on ballistic impact and shock response of brittle materials, Dynamic Response of Advanced Ceramics will also earn a place in the libraries of industry personnel studying impact-resistant solutions for a variety of applications.

These proceedings of EXPLOMET 90, the International Conference on the Materials Effects of Shock-Wave and High-Strain-Rate Phenomena, held August 1990, in La Jolla, California, represent a global and up-to-date appraisal of this field. Contributions (more than 100) deal with high-strain-rate deforma