Stages Of Capital

In Stages of Capital, Ritu Birla brings research on nonwestern capitalisms into conversation with postcolonial studies to illuminate the historical roots of India’s market society. Between 1870 and 1930, the British regime in India implemented a barrage of commercial and contract laws directed at the “free” circulation of capital, including measures regulating companies, income tax, charitable gifting, and pension funds, and procedures distinguishing gambling from speculation and futures trading. Birla argues that this understudied legal infrastructure institutionalized a new object of sovereign management, the market, and along with it, a colonial concept of the public. In jurisprudence, case law, and statutes, colonial market governance enforced an abstract vision of modern society as a public of exchanging, contracting actors free from the anachronistic constraints of indigenous culture. Birla reveals how the categories of public and private infiltrated colonial commercial law, establishing distinct worlds for economic and cultural practice. This bifurcation was especially apparent in legal dilemmas concerning indigenous or “vernacular” capitalists, crucial engines of credit and production that operated through networks of extended kinship. Focusing on the story of the Marwaris, a powerful business group renowned as a key sector of India’s capitalist class, Birla demonstrates how colonial law governed vernacular capitalists as rarefied cultural actors, so rendering them illegitimate as economic agents. Birla’s innovative attention to the negotiations between vernacular and colonial systems of valuation illustrates how kinship-based commercial groups asserted their legitimacy by challenging and inhabiting the public/private mapping. Highlighting the cultural politics of market governance, Stages of Capital is an unprecedented history of colonial commercial law, its legal fictions, and the formation of the modern economic subject in India.

The future of learning depends absolutely on the future of teaching. In this latest and most important collaboration, Andy Hargreaves and Michael Fullan show how the quality of teaching is captured in a compelling new idea: the professional capital of every teacher working together in every school. Speaking out against policies that result in a teaching force that is inexperienced, inexpensive, and exhausted in short order, these two world authorities--who know teaching and leadership inside out--set out a groundbreaking new agenda to transform the future of teaching and public education. Ideas-driven, evidence-based, and strategically powerful, Professional Capital combats the tired arguments and stereotypes of teachers and teaching and shows us how to change them by demanding more of the teaching profession and more from the systems that support it. This is a book that no one connected with schools can afford to ignore. This book features: (1) a powerful and practical solution to what ails American schools; (2) Action guidelines for all groups--individual teachers, administrators, schools and districts, state and federal leaders; (3) a next-generation update of core themes from the authors' bestselling book, "What's Worth Fighting for in Your School?" [This book was co-published with the Ontario Principals' Council.].

The term “capitalism” is generally applied to the system under which the instruments of production are the property of private owners, who usually employ managers and manual workers to carry out production by their means... A word first of all to indicate clearly the point of view which characterizes the study. I shall not enter into the question of the formation of capital itself, that is, of the sum total of the goods employed by their possessor to produce more goods at a profit. It is the capitalist alone, the holder of capital, who will hold our attention. My purpose is simply to characterize, for the various epochs of economic history, the nature of this capitalist and to search for his origin. ABOUT THE AUTHOR Henri Pirenne (1862-1935) was a Belgian historian who made significant contributions to the field of medieval history.

Explanations to the inner workings of one of the least understood, but arguably most important, areas of business finance is offered to readers in this engaging volume: venture capital. Venture capitalists provide necessary investment to seed (or startup) companies, but the startup is only the beginning, there is much more to be explored. These savvy investors help guide young entrepreneurs, who likely have little experience, to turn their businesses into the Googles, Facebooks, and Groupons of the world. This book explains the often-complex methods venture capitalists use to value companies and to get the most return on their investments, or ROI. This book is a must-have for any reader interested in the business world.

An analysis of the venture capital process, from fund-raising through investing to exiting investments; a new edition with major revisions and six new chapters that reflect the latest research.

Raising Entrepreneurial Capital begins where entrepreneurship books leave off. This book provides a broad, high-level discussion of the financing decisions that companies must make to achieve success. With a focus on classic capital raising, the text covers the debt vs. equity decision, as well as the options available to smaller businesses. It also describes the factors that lead to rapid growth, including venture capital, IPOs, angels, incubators, and much more. Combining solid theory with practitioner's experience and insights, this book should increase student understanding of how to raise entrepreneurial capital. It explains how your company should position itself to attract private equity investment, and what steps you can take to improve your company's marketability. It includes several chapters on worldwide regional variations on forms and availability of pre-seed capital, incubators, and the business plans they create, with case-studies from Europe, Latin America, and the Pacific Rim. It also effectively differentiates between venture capital and entrepreneurial capital. This book will appeal to entrepreneurs and to students in Entrepreneurship programs, particularly entrepreneurial finance courses. * Combines solid theory with practitioner's experience and insights * Case studies illustrate theory throughout the book * Describes worldwide and regional variations in capital raising strategies

Monographic history and comparison of capitalism in Western Europe, Canada, USA, Australia and Japan, 1820 to 1980 - analyses economic growth and productivity levels of the leaders since 1700 (UK, Netherlands, USA), analyses impact of external stocks (e.g. Petroleum) and economic policies on long term business cycles (rejecting Kondrateiff and Schumpeter's economic theory), role of technological change, labour supply, etc., and considers international monetary system and inflation trends. Statistical tables pp. 158 to 254.