Structronic Systems Materials And Structures

This book is concerned with electrostructural systems, particularly the interaction between the control of the structural and electrical (electronic) components. Structronics is a new emerging area with many potential applications in the design of high-performance structures, adaptive structures, high-precision systems, and micro-systems. As structures are increasingly being controlled by electronics, the problems of structural engineering can be separated less and less from those of electronic engineering and control engineering. This graduate-level book fills a gap in the literature by considering these problems while giving an overview of the current state of analysis, modelling and control for structronic systems. It is a coherent compendium written by leading experts in this new research area and gives readers a sophisticated toolbox that will allow them to tackle the modelling and control of smart structures. The inclusion of an extensive, up-to-date bibliography and index makes this volume an invaluable standard for professional reference. Because of the large number of contributions to the present volume, it has been subdivided into two parts, of which this is Part I. This book will be of interest to engineers, materials scientists, physicists and applied mathematicians. The synergistic integration of active (smart) materials, structures, sensors, actuators, and control electronics has redefined the concept of structures from a conventional passive elastic system to an active (life-like) structronic (structure + electronic) system with inherent self-sensing, diagnosis, and control capabilities. Because of its multi-disciplinary nature, the development of structronic systems has attracted researchers and scientists from many disciplines, such as structures, materials, control, electronics, mathematics, manufacturing, electromechanics, and mechanics. In practical applications, this new structronic system can be used as a component of high-performance machines or structural systems, or be an integrated structure itself performing designated function(s). Most common active (smart) materials, such as piezoelectrics, shape-memory alloys, electro- and magneto-strictive materials, and polyelectrolyte gels have been reviewed in Part I. Application examples are also provided and research issues reported on. While the first part focuses primarily on materials and structures, Part II emphasizes control applications and intelligent systems. With the information provided in this two-volume book, scientists and researchers can easily grasp the state of the art of smart materials and structronic systems, and are ready to pursue their own research and development endeavors. Contents:Part I: Materials and StructuresThe Piezoelectric Vibration Absorber Systems (J Holkamp & T Starchville, Jr.)Self-Sensing Control Applied to Smart Material Systems (E Garcia & L D Jones)An Introduction to Active Constrained Layer Damping Treatments (S Shen)Static and Dynamic Behavior of Adaptive Wings Carrying Externally Mounted Stores (L Librescu & O Song)Adaptive Design and Active Composite Material Systems (J Tani & J-H Qiu)Microelectromechanics and Functionality of Segmented Cylindrical Transducers (H-S Tzou et al.)Thermomechanical Modeling of Shape Memory Alloys and Composites (D Lagoudas et al.)Active-Passive Hybrid Structural Vibration Controls Via Piezoelectrical Networks (K-W Wang & S Kahn)On-Line Structural Damage Detection (H Shen)On Material Degradation and Failure of Piezoelectric Ceramics (H Sosa)Part II: Systems and ControlNear-Minimum-Time Slewing and Vibration Control of Smart Structures(Y Kim et al.)Active Polyelectrolyte Gels as Electrically Controllable Artificial Muscles and Intelligent Network Structures(M Shahinpoor)Active Dynamic Absorbers — Theory and Application(S Tewani et al.)Active Vibration Sink for Flexible Structures(C-S Chou)Distributed Modal-Space Control and Estimation with Electroelastic Applications(H Öz)Markov Parameters in System Identification: Old and New Concepts(M Q Phan et al.)Effect of System Non-Linearities on the Modified Model Reference Adaptive Control Scheme(H M Sardar & M Ahmadian)Extending Teach-Repeat to Nonholonomic Robots(S B Skaar & J-D Yoder)Dynamic Analysis and Active Vibration Control of Chain Drive Systems(C-A Tan et al.)Basic Concepts of Fault-Tolerant Computing Design(C Aktouf et al.) Readership: Applied mathematicians, applied physicists and mechanical engineers. Keywords:Structronic Systems;Smart Structures;Devices;Systems;Materials;ControlReviews: “… Professors Guran and Tzou coined the word Structronics in the early 1990s as a new discipline describing the synergetic integration of active materials, structures, sensors, actuators, and control electronics. The present two-volume set is the first comprehensive book ever published on this newly emerging area of engineering. I believe anyone who would like to know what modern science and technology can offer for the design of better structures can learn a great deal from this book. Students and educators can use it as supplemental reading in an intermediate or advanced course on Structronics, or to gain a broader knowledge of systems thinking, model materials, and structural systems. Practicing engineers wishing to consolidate their knowledge in smart technology will also find this book an invaluable reference.” Dr Bernd Schaefer Director Institute of Robotics and Mechatronics, Wessling, Germany

Proceedings of the IUTAM Symposium on Smart Structures and Structronic Systems, held in Magdeburg, Germany, 26-29 September 2000

Pt. 1. Materials and structures. ch. 1. The piezoelectric vibration absorber systems / Joseph Hollkamp and Thomas Starchville, Jr. -- ch. 2. Self-sensing control applied to smart material systems / Ephrahim Garcia and Lowell Dale Jones -- ch. 3. An introduction to active constrained layer damping treatments / Steve Shen -- ch. 4. Static and dynamic behavior of adaptive wings carrying externally mounted stores / Liviu Librescu and Ohseop Song -- ch. 5. Adaptive design and active composite material systems / Junji Tani and Jinhao Qiu -- ch. 6. Microelectromechanics and functionality of segmented cylindrical transducers / Horn-Sen Tzou, Yumin Bao and V.B. Venkayya -- ch. 7. Thermomechanical modeling of shape memory alloys and composites / Dimitris Lagoudas [und weitere] -- ch. 8. Active-passive hybrid structural vibration controls via piezoelectrical networks / Kon-Well Wang and Steven Kahn -- ch. 9. On-line structural damage detection / Herman Shen -- ch. 10. On material degradation and failure of piezoelectric ceramics / Horacio Sosa -- pt. 2. Systems and control. ch. 11. Near-minimum-time slewing and vibration control of smart structures / Youdan Kim, Jin-Young Suk and John L. Junkins -- ch. 12. Active polyelectrolyte gels as electrically controllable artificial muscles and intelligent network structures / Mohsen Shahinpoor -- ch. 13. Active dynamic absorbers - theory and application / Sanjiv Tewani [und weitere] -- ch. 14. Active vibration sink for flexible structures / Chan-Shin Chou -- ch. 15. Distributed modal-space control and estimation with electroelastic applications / Hayrani Oz -- ch. 16. Markov parameters in system identification: old and new concepts / Minh Q. Phan, Jer-Nan Juang and Richard E. Longman -- ch. 17. Effect of system non-linearities on the modified model reference adaptive control scheme / Hemant M. Sardar and Mehdi Ahmadian -- ch. 18. Extending teach-repeat to nonholonomic robots / Steven B. Skaar and John-David Yoder -- ch. 19. Dynamic analysis and active vibration control of chain drive systems / Chin-An Tan [und weitere] -- ch. 20. Basic concepts of fault-tolerant computing design / Chouki Aktouf, Arde Guran and Oum-El-Kheir Benkahla

This book is concerned with electrostructural systems, particularly the interaction between the control of the structural and electrical (electronic) components. Structronics is a new emerging area with many potential applications in the design of high-performance structures, adaptive structures, high-precision systems, and micro-systems. As structures are increasingly being controlled by electronics, the problems of structural engineering can be separated less and less from those of electronic engineering and control engineering. This graduate-level book fills a gap in the literature by considering these problems while giving an overview of the current state of analysis, modelling and control for structronic systems. It is a coherent compendium written by leading experts in this new research area and gives readers a sophisticated toolbox that will allow them to tackle the modelling and control of smart structures. The inclusion of an extensive, up-to-date bibliography and index makes this volume an invaluable standard for professional reference.Because of the large number of contributions to the present volume, it has been subdivided into two parts, of which this is Part I. This book will be of interest to engineers, materials scientists, physicists and applied mathematicians.The synergistic integration of active (smart) materials, structures, sensors, actuators, and control electronics has redefined the concept of structures from a conventional passive elastic system to an active (life-like) structronic (structure ] electronic) system with inherent self-sensing, diagnosis, and control capabilities. Because of its multi-disciplinary nature, the development of structronic systems has attracted researchers and scientists from many disciplines, such as structures, materials, control, electronics, mathematics, manufacturing, electromechanics, and mechanics. In practical applications, this new structronic system can be used as a component of high-performance machines or structural systems, or be an integrated structure itself performing designated function(s).Most common active (smart) materials, such as piezoelectrics, shape-memory alloys, electro- and magneto-strictive materials, and polyelectrolyte gels have been reviewed in Part I. Application examples are also provided and research issues reported on. While the first part focuses primarily on materials and structures, Part II emphasizes control applications and intelligent systems. With the information provided in this two-volume book, scientists and researchers can easily grasp the state of the art of smart materials and structronic systems, and are ready to pursue their own research and development endeavors.

Intelligent Materials and Structures provides exceptional insights into designing intelligent materials and structures for special applications in engineering. The author introduces the fundamental materials science involved in research endeavors and simultaneously reviews the current state-of-the-art of intelligent materials and structures. Separate chapters are devoted to the thorough examination of theory and application of laminated composite materials, Piezoelectricity, Shape Memory Alloys, Electro- and Magnetorheological fluids as well as Magneto- and Electrostrictive materials. Each chapter contains numerous equations and figures describing theories, models and behavior of the intelligent material discussed. Special attention is paid to applications of intelligent materials to various structures in the aerospace and medical sector, piezoelectric motors as well as piezoelectric and electromagnetic energy harvesting. Contents: Introduction to Intelligent Materials and Structures Laminated Composite Materials Piezoelectricity Shape Memory Alloys Electrorheological and Magnetorheological Fluids Magnetostrictive and Electrostrictive Materials Applications of Intelligent Materials in Structures Energy Harvesting using Intelligent Materials Index

SMART MATERIALS FOR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING Smart materials, also known as advanced or creative materials, are described as advanced materials that react intuitively to environmental changes or as materials that can return to their original shape in response to certain stimuli. Smart materials are classified as either active or passive based on their characteristics. There are two types of active materials. The first kind cannot change its characteristics when subjected to outside stimuli, for example photochromatic spectacles that only alter their color when exposed to sunlight. The other, which includes piezoelectric materials, can change one sort of energy (thermal, electrical, chemical, mechanical, or optical) into another. When subjected to external pressure, it can generate an electric charge. As an example, optical fibers can transmit electromagnetic waves. In contrast, passive smart materials can transmit a specific sort of energy. They have some amazing qualities that set them apart from other materials, such as transiency, meaning they can react to different kinds of external stimuli immediately, self-actuation or the capacity to change their appearance and shape, selectivity where the response is divided and expected, directness when the response is limited to the activating event, shape-changing where the material can change its shape to external stimuli, their ability to determine their own health, also known as self-diagnosis, and their ability to self-heal. The ability to synthesize novel materials has substantially progressed thanks to science and technology over the past 20 years. They fall mostly into the following four categories: polymers, ceramics, metals, and smart materials. Among these, smart materials are gaining popularity since they have more uses than conventional materials. Smart materials are unusual substances that have the ability to alter their properties, such as those that can immediately change their phase when placed near a magnet or their shape simply by applying heat. Humanity will be significantly impacted by this new era of smart materials. For instance, some of them can adapt their properties to the environment, some have sensory capabilities, some can repair themselves automatically, and some can degrade themselves. These extraordinary properties of smart materials will have an effect on all facets of civilization. There are many different types of intelligent materials, including magnetorheological materials, electro-rheostat materials, shape memory alloys, piezoelectric materials, and more. This book describes many forms of smart materials and their possible uses in various fields. A literature survey discusses the different types of smart materials, such as based ceramics, polymers, and organic compounds and their needs, advantages, disadvantages, and applications will be comprehensively discussed. A discussion of well-established smart materials including piezoelectric, magnetostrictive, shape memory alloy, electro-rheological fluid, and magnetorheological fluid materials will be discussed with their present prospects.

This book offers an introduction to piezoelectric shells and distributed sensing, energy harvesting and control applications. It familiarizes readers with a generic approach of piezoelectric shells and fundamental electromechanics of distributed piezoelectric sensors, energy harvesters and actuators applied to shell structures. The book is divided into two major parts, the first of which focuses on piezoelectric shell continua, while the second examines distributing sensing, energy harvesting and control of elastic continua, e.g., shells and plates. The exploitation of new, advanced multifunctional smart structures and structronic systems has been one of the mainstream research and development activities over the years. In the search for innovative structronics technologies, piezoelectric materials have proved to be very versatile in both sensor and actuator applications. Consequently, the piezoelectric technology has been applied to a broad range of practical applications, from small-scale nano- and micro-sensors/actuators to large-scale airplane and space structures and systems. The book provides practicing engineers and researchers with an introduction to advanced piezoelectric shell theories and distributed sensor/energy harvester/actuator technologies in the context of structural identification, energy harvesting and precision control. The book can also be used as a textbook for graduate students. This second edition contains substantial new materials, especially energy harvesting and experimental components, and has been updated and corrected for a new generation of readers.