Subject Object Cognition

Our ontology as well as our grammar are, as Quine affirms, ineliminable parts of our conceptual contribution to our theory of the world. It seems impossible to think of enti ties, individuals and events without specifying and constructing, in advance, a specific language that must be used in order to speak about these same entities. We really know only insofar as we regiment our system of the world in a consistent and adequate way. At the level of proper nouns and existence functions we have, for instance, a standard form of a regimented language whose complementary apparatus consists of predicates, variables, quantifiers and truth functions. If, for instance, the discoveries in the field of Quantum Mechanics should oblige us, in the future, to abandon the traditional logic of truth functions, the very notion of existence, as established until now, will be chal lenged. These considerations, as developed by Quine, introduce us to a conceptual perspective like the "internal realist" perspective advocated by Putnam whose principal aim is, for cer tain aspects, to link the philosophical approaches developed respectively by Quine and Wittgenstein. Actually, Putnam conservatively extends the approach to the problem of ref erence outlined by Quine: in his opinion, to talk of "facts" without specifying the language to be used is to talk of nothing.

Originally published in 1987, this book, attempted to bring together work by researchers concerned with the functional and neurological mechanisms underlying visual object processing, and the ways in which such mechanisms can be neurologically impaired. The editors termed it a ‘Cognitive Neuropsychological’ approach, because they believed it tried to relate evidence from neurological impairments of visual object processing to models of normal performance in a new and important way. Two broad aims are apparent. One is to test models of normal performance by evaluating how well the models account for the patterns of impairment and preservation of abilities that can occur following brain damage. The other is to use models of normal performance to further their understanding of acquired disorders of visual object processing. These aims distinguish the approach from neuropsychological work whose primary aim is to relate acquired deficits to the sites of damage, and from work in the field of cognitive psychology which attempts only to develop models of normal performance.

Summary Light of Consciousness Metaphysics is a controversial subject because its concepts are not the same as and do not follow the same process of thinking as in other subjects. to think metaphysically, one must thinks out of the box; one must think independently of object and objective experiences, and this has to be learned. In metaphysics, one separates experiences due to objects from experiences occurring independently of objects. Such thinking is unusual, different from everyday thinking processes. Otherwise, one does not, for example, separate characterization one ascribes to God (or absolute intelligence) from ground of such characterization. Empiricists often insist that there is no such thing as an experience independent of an object; yet they do not explain the objects if any that one perceives, conceive and represents as corresponding to experiences of time, space, self consciousness, and so on. In Critic of Pure Reason, Kant (1781-1787) sees nature as subject to necessary law. These laws, Kant would say are accessible to us because cognition of these laws depends on the subject of thinking who characterizes its perceptions of nature according to rules. Thinking and characterizing; the problem that arises from this way of framing subjective and objective relationship is answering the question, what and how must the subject be in order to operate as a part of or apart from nature and still be said to determine it? Kant's answer to this dilemma is to split nature into sensuous (objects) and intelligible (things as they are in themselves) realm; however, he does not explain how the intelligible connects with the objective realm independent of thinking; that is, how one, an object, can determines an object. In view of these problems, Light of Consciousness is intended to achieve two main goals; (1) in chapterone, we attempt to point out the cognition with its elements in virtue of which Metaphysics may also ascend its throne as a legitimate subject matter. Here, just as cognition of external object is cognition of objective relations or physics, the object of cognition in metaphysics consist of objects of inner sense of which a subject of inner sense has been repeatedly identified as the aspect of inner sense saddled with the task of thinking, and therefore not objective. However, the controversy in Metaphysics is that a subject of inner sense is objective or empirical; therefore, to say that without experience there is no self. Light of Consciousness is intended to address these problem not by merely laying claims to its existence, but also by pointing out its instances of and in occurrence. In the other chapters of the book, we seek to point out some of the important topics of metaphysics, and to show how these topics help to further simply the subject matter. We describe these various aspects of the subject matter of metaphysics and their various elements and how these relate to self. We attempt to show that the operation of standing away from thinking is a real activity unique to the human being. In the chapter of time and space, we attempt to explicate its constituents as they relate to self. In the chapter on Monad, we went further to establish the natures of primary elements of nature, by explicating a process of development of pure and objective consciousness and their processes. Finally, in the chapters on consciousness and thought, we attempt to describe and explicate elements, constitution and process of operations of pure and objective consciousness. Here, we explain what consciousness is, what it consists of. Most important, we attempt to identify the nature of a consciousness in virtue of which one determine a representation of time and space, and to differentiate this from a consciousness in virtue of which one determines and represents an object in time and space.

Revitalising our reading of 18th century works specifically in the fields of the history of the book, literary studies, material culture, art history, philosophy, technology, science and medicine, this volume brings recent insights in cognitive science and philosophy of mind to bear on the distributed nature of cognition. Collectively, the essays show how the particular range of sociocultural and technological contexts of the time fostered and reflected particular notions of distributed cognition.

Rather than surveying theories and data in the manner characteristic of many introductory textbooks in the field, An Invitation to Cognitive Science employs a unique case study approach, presenting a focused research topic in some depth and relying on suggested readings to convey the breadth of views and results.

Cognition in Geosciences: The Feeding Loop Between Geo-disciplines, Cognitive Sciences and Epistemology presents the basic idea that the geosciences can contribute to elucidate some unsolved problems of epistemology and cognition. This book introduces the fundamental concept of a semantic system, which comprises information plus human resources and technology. Organized into nine chapters, this book begins with an overview of the fundamental processes of macro-cognition, including spatial perception, creativity, information clustering, information processing, and concept formation. This text then explains how theory and practice in geophysics can elucidate many basic aspects of high level cognition. Other chapters consider the concept of semantic entropy to provide a measure of how much information has been integrated in order to derive coherent significances. This book discusses as well the complexity of linguistic communication in the geosciences. The final chapter deals with the aesthetic experience. This book is a valuable resource for psychologists and neurologists.