Sunscreens

Thoroughly rewritten and enlarged, this timely Second Edition of an indispensable resource provides comprehensive coverage of the most recent advances in protecting the skin from harmful ultraviolet A (UVA) and ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation.

This book provides a comprehensive and authoritative review of the chemical analysis of UV filters in coastal waters and their impact on the marine environment. The sun care is today the most important sector within the cosmetics industry, with annual increases in sales. The main components of sunscreens, organic and inorganic UV filters, have been detected in many coastal regions, with the highest concentrations in coastal areas under high anthropogenic pressure. Moreover, these compounds have been found to be bioaccumulated in aquatic biota causing biological and toxicological responses; some organic UV filters act as endocrine disruptors in aquatic biota, affecting survival, behavior, growth, development and reproduction. On the other hand, inorganic UV filters, mainly based on nanoparticles, have been demonstrated to have various impacts on marine organisms, such as inducing oxidative stress in abalones, accumulating in microalgae, affecting the immune response in mussels, bleaching corals, and genotoxicity in fish, among others. All these effects of sunscreens on the marine environment highlight the need for more stringent and environmentally friendly regulations. This book covers the latest analytical methodologies used in assessing the impact of UV filters impact on marine waters, especially on marine biota, and also critiques the global regulation of UV filters and the environmental risk of using sunscreens. Featuring specific case studies of the environmental effects of sunscreens in the Mediterranean Sea and Hawaii, which highlight the importance of balancing human health with environmental health of coastal ecosystems, it will appeal not only to scientists and students from various disciplines (environmental chemistry, biology, ecology, biogeochemistry, fisheries and climate change among others), but also to environmental managers wanting to promote new restrictive regulations on the use of UV filters, and to professionals from the cosmetic industry interested in the development of eco-friendly sunscreens.

Purshade, a new SPF 45 spray, can be applied to crops in order to prevent burning and dehydration. Every great invention begins with a great idea! Read all the books in this series and learn about the history and impact of some of the most fascinating innovations and inventions of our time. Explore the idea’s early stages of development, problems encountered along the way, and how each great idea has influenced our lives. From popular culture and the environment to life-saving machines, learn about the ideas, people, and technologies that made it all happen. This series correlates with The Science, Technology, Engineering, and Math (S.T.E.M.) curriculum initiative.

Sunscreens are universally recommended by dermatologists not only to prevent the immediate effects of overexposure to sunlight but also to prevent skin cancer. While the former goal is immediately evident, the latter remains an unproven hypothesis and is a topic of some controversy. Recent epidemiological studies suggesting a correlation between increased use of sunscreens over the past two decades and the rise in skin cancer have led to the question whether sunscreens applied to skin may be undergoing photoreactions, the effects of which are elaborated many years later. By addressing the key questions, this book advances the field of sunscreen photobiology and provides the reader with an unbiased perspective on this important field.

During the past few decades, the increased incidence of solar UV radiations (280-400 nm) and its harmful impacts, particularly on human skin have fueled worldwide concern to search for an effective UV sunscreen compound with the ability to provide maximum photoprotection. Several synthetic suncare products available in the international market may cause negative side effects that can't be overlooked. A number of biomolecules have been reported from different natural sources with great UV absorbing/screening functions. There is a need to explore the photoprotective role of these various natural UV sunscreening compounds so that they can find applications in UV-screening cosmetics for the benefit of human beings. The present book Sunscreens: Source, Formulations, Efficacy and Recommendations provide an overview of the current knowledge of the various sunscreening compounds along with their sources, formulations, and efficacy as well as recommendations with regard to the photoprotective function in response to intense solar radiations. This book describes the recent progress and fundamental backgrounds of various UV absorbing or sunscreening compounds derived from different sources. An effort has been made to provide substantial information on various natural sunscreening molecules and their potentials as an arsenal of effective sunscreen ingredients meant for adequate protection from harmful UV radiations. Different chapters of the book address various questions pertaining to the naturally sourced sunscreen from microorganisms to higher plants, ideal for the formulations of sun care and cosmeceutical products. Undoubtedly, the contents of the book would be highly useful for graduate/postgraduate students, teachers, biochemists, and researchers in the fields of cosmetic science, photobiology, medical microbiology, and metabolic engineers engaged in the formulations and development of broad spectrum natural sunscreens or anti-aging products.

Zacarías León's thesis describes the development and validation of analytical methods to estimate the processes set in motion by percutaneous absorption of UV filters in sunscreen cosmetic products. León describes these methods in both in vitro and non-invasive in vivo methodologies. Currently dermatologists recommend the use of sunscreen products not only under conditions of extreme exposure to the sun but also in daily situations. However the chemical compounds in these products contain may lead to undesired processes and cause induced toxicity, estrogenic effects and endocrine activity. León establishes methods to investigate these effects and provides valuable information on the undesired side effects associated with the use of UV filters found in sunscreen products. The work in this thesis has led to a number of publications in renowned analytical chemistry journals.

Designed with practicing dermatologists, dermatology trainees, physicians, and scientists interested in photoprotection in mind, this concise and highly illustrated guide provides the latest knowledge of photoprotection in dermatology and cosmetic science. Clinical Guide to Sunscreens and Photoprotection also addresses recent important international and domestic regulatory activity and requirements on the use of novel sun protective chemicals and proper labeling of products to ensure increased consumer awareness. This concisely written, problem-oriented text explores: