Superfluidity And Superconductivity

Superfluidity and Superconductivity, Third Edition introduces the low-temperature phenomena of superfluidity and superconductivity from a unified viewpoint. The book stresses the existence of a macroscopic wave function as a central principle, presents an extensive discussion of macroscopic theories, and includes full descriptions of relevant experimental results throughout. This edition also features an additional chapter on high-temperature superconductors. With problems at the end of most chapters as well as the careful elaboration of basic principles, this comprehensive survey of experiment and theory provides an accessible and invaluable foundation for graduate students studying low-temperature physics as well as senior undergraduates taking specialized courses.

This textbook series has been designed for final year undergraduate and first year graduate students, providing an overview of the entire field showing how specialized topics are part of the wider whole, and including references to current areas of literature and research.

Superfluidity – and closely related to it, superconductivity – are very general phenomena that can occur on vastly different energy scales. Their underlying theoretical mechanism of spontaneous symmetry breaking is even more general and applies to a multitude of physical systems. In these lecture notes, a pedagogical introduction to the field-theory approach to superfluidity is presented. The connection to more traditional approaches, often formulated in a different language, is carefully explained in order to provide a consistent picture that is useful for students and researchers in all fields of physics. After introducing the basic concepts, such as the two-fluid model and the Goldstone mode, selected topics of current research are addressed, such as the BCS-BEC crossover and Cooper pairing with mismatched Fermi momenta.

This graduate-level text describes the physics of superconductivity and superfluidity, macroscopic quantum phenomena found in many conductors at low temperatures and in liquid helium 4 and helium 3. In the first part of the book the author presents the mean field theory of generalized pair condensation. This is followed by a description of the properties of ordinary superconductors using BCS theory. The book then proceeds with expositions of strong coupling theory and the Ginzburg-Landau theory. The remarkable properties of superfluid helium 3 are then described, as an example of a superfluid with internal degrees of freedom. Recent topics in the field, such as the copper-oxide high temperature superconductors and exotic superconductivity of heavy fermion systems are discussed in the final chapter. This book will be of interest to graduate students and researchers in condensed matter physics, especially those working in superconductivity and superfluidity.

Covers the State of the Art in Superfluidity and Superconductivity Superfluid States of Matter addresses the phenomenon of superfluidity/superconductivity through an emergent, topologically protected constant of motion and covers topics developed over the past 20 years. The approach is based on the idea of separating universal classical-field superfluid properties of matter from the underlying system’s “quanta.” The text begins by deriving the general physical principles behind superfluidity/superconductivity within the classical-field framework and provides a deep understanding of all key aspects in terms of the dynamics and statistics of a classical-field system. It proceeds by explaining how this framework emerges in realistic quantum systems, with examples that include liquid helium, high-temperature superconductors, ultra-cold atomic bosons and fermions, and nuclear matter. The book also offers several powerful modern approaches to the subject, such as functional and path integrals. Comprised of 15 chapters, this text: Establishes the fundamental macroscopic properties of superfluids and superconductors within the paradigm of the classical matter field Deals with a single-component neutral matter field Considers fundamentals and properties of superconductors Describes new physics of superfluidity and superconductivity that arises in multicomponent systems Presents the quantum-field perspective on the conditions under which classical-field description is relevant in bosonic and fermionic systems Introduces the path integral formalism Shows how Feynman path integrals can be efficiently simulated with the worm algorithm Explains why nonsuperfluid (insulating) ground states of regular and disordered bosons occur under appropriate conditions Explores superfluid solids (supersolids) Discusses the rich dynamics of vortices and various aspects of superfluid turbulence at T →0 Provides account of BCS theory for the weakly interacting Fermi gas Highlights and analyzes the most crucial developments that has led to the current understanding of superfluidity and superconductivity Reviews the variety of superfluid and superconducting systems available today in nature and the laboratory, as well as the states that experimental realization is currently actively pursuing

Superconductivity and Quantum Fluids, Volume 29 presents the microscopic theory of superconductivity and superfluidity. This book discusses the characteristics of niobium, which is a type II superconductor. Organized into two parts encompassing eight chapters, this volume begins with an overview of the special Bogoliubov transformation that connects fermions with opposite spins and momenta. This text then describes the collective oscillations of the system in the cases of charged and uncharged particles. Other chapters consider the dynamical system of Fermi particles in a weak external field. This book discusses as well the theoretical explanation of superfluidity, which is as a second, very interesting phenomenon observed at low temperatures. The final chapter illustrates the linearized hydrodynamic equations and explains the mean value expressed in terms of the Fourier components of the retarded Green functions. This book is a valuable resource for physicists. Students and researchers who are interested in the fields of superconductivity and superfluidity will also find this book useful.

A Nobel Laureate presents his view of developments in the field of superconductivity, superfluidity and related theory. The book contains Ginzburg’s amended version of the Nobel lecture in Physics 2003, as well as his expanded autobiography.