T Lymphocyte And Inflammatory Cell Research In Asthma

It is well established that asthma is an inflammatory disease of the airway mucosa and drugs like inhaled glucocorticoids are now commonly introduced early in therapy. A characteristic feature of this disease is the vast number of eosinophils in airway tissue, although many other migratory and resident inflammatory cells with the capacity to synthesize and release cytokines and putative asthma mediators are present in the inflamed mucosa. The cross-talk between lymphocytes and these cells and the role of cytokines in complex biological networks are currently areas of intense research. This volume gathers together chapters and discussions on the biology of immunocompetent and inflammatory cells, cellular interplay and communication, and on the relative importance of cells and mediators in disease. It should help contribute to further insights into the pathology of asthma and to the development of novel efficacious drugs for the treatment of asthma and related respiratory disorders.

This book presents the state of the art in cellular and molecular mechanisms regulating the immune response in allergic inflammation. Special attention is given to the central role of regulatory T cells (Treg) in immune regulation and induction of peripheral tolerance, as well as to the relevance of Th17 cells in chronic inflammation. The importance of Treg and Th17 cells is demonstrated in bronchial asthma, atopic eczema, contact dermatitis and delayed-type hypersensitivity. Furthermore, T-cell-mediated regulatory mechanisms in helminthic infections and fungal allergy are discussed. Several chapters are devoted to the therapeutic consequences that these recently discovered T-cell functions may have. Their role as a potential target for specific immunotherapy is evaluated and novel approaches for peripheral tolerance induction and treatment of allergic and asthmatic diseases and inflammation are suggested. Stem cell transplantation as a future therapeutic intervention in regulatory T-cell disorders is also considered. Well edited and up to date, this volume is recommended reading for allergologists, immunologists, dermatologists and any scientist interested in the immunological events regulating allergic inflammation in general and allergic manifestations in different organs.

This text assesses the role of dendritic cells, T and B lymphocytes, epithelial and mast cells, eosinophils, neutrophils, macrophages, and their products in the initiation and progression of airway inflammation, regulation, and repair. It unveils advances in immunology and cell biology to generate new therapeutic regimens for inflammatory and aller

Inflammatory Cells and Mediators in Bronchial Asthma provides reviews and summaries regarding state-of-the-art articles that examine the role of various inflammatory cells and their mediators in the pathogenesis of asthma. Topics include pharmacological and biochemical regulation of the airways; involvement of key inflammatory cells and the release and effect of their mediators in airway function; and the characteristics of receptors for leukotriene B4, C4, and D4, adenosine, platelet-activating factor, sensory and inflammatory peptides, and the effect of various anti-asthmatic drugs on airway inflammation. Physicians, allergists, immunologists, and pulmonary disease research scientists will find this book to be an invaluable reference resource.

Scientific Essay from the year 2016 in the subject Medicine - Pharmacology, Pharmacy, , language: English, abstract: Asthma is a chronic disorder specifically characterized by severe inflammation and constriction, mucus hyper-secretion and hyper-responsiveness in the airway. Allergic Asthma (AA) is characterized by discontinuous airway obstruction that may cause temporary to severe asphyxiation and can consequence into death. Airway obstruction in asthma is because of rigorous inflammation concerning multi-cellular components together with eosinophils, neutrophils, CD4+T lymphocytes & mast cells, with eosinophilic infiltration being the most conspicuous feature. The multifaceted phenotype of AA suggested being elevated from multiple interactions of infiltrating and structural cells that is coordinated by T helper 2 (TH2) cells consequential in chronic airway inflammation. By extremely secreting convinced mediators like interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5, and IL-13, which grasps a key point in asthma pathogenesis cause erratic degree of broncho-obstruction, increased mucus production, and airway remodeling. There are a variety of T cell which plays a significant role in AA that is TH1, TH2, TH17, regulatory T cell, TH3 TH22, TH25, TH9 and others. There are various molecular signaling molecules such as STAT4, FOXp3, GATA-3 and T-bet which regulates CD4+T cells in AA. Nowadays the approach to manage asthma is based on inhaled bronchodilator and corticosteroids. But the research is on the mechanism of some promising phytomedicines. we summarized here with some mechanisms of some flavonoids to alleviate AA through CD4+T cells. In conclusion, we found that the CD4+T-cell subpopulations played some major contribution in regulating/modulating the AA and interestingly, the natural potent anti-oxidant & anti- inflammatory compounds such as flavonoids could able to attenuate the AA by regulating these subpopulations of CD4+T-cells or the signaling molecules involved in the pathogenesis.

Severe asthma is a form of asthma that responds poorly to currently available medication, and its patients represent those with greatest unmet needs. In the last 10 years, substantial progress has been made in terms of understanding some of the mechanisms that drive severe asthma; there have also been concomitant advances in the recognition of specific molecular phenotypes. This ERS Monograph covers all aspects of severe asthma – epidemiology, diagnosis, mechanisms, treatment and management – but has a particular focus on recent understanding of mechanistic heterogeneity based on an analytic approach using various ‘omics platforms applied to clinically well-defined asthma cohorts. How these advances have led to improved management targets is also emphasised. This book brings together the clinical and scientific expertise of those from around the world who are collaborating to solve the problem of severe asthma.

More than 50 million Americans, one out of five, suffer from hay fever, asthma, and other allergic diseases. Many of these conditions are caused by exposure to allergens in indoor environments such as the house, work, and schoolâ€"where we spend as much as 98 percent of our time. Developed by medical, public health, and engineering professionals working together, this unique volume summarizes what is known about indoor allergens, how they affect human health, the magnitude of their effect on various populations, and how they can be controlled. The book addresses controversies, recommends research directions, and suggests how to assist and educate allergy patients, as well as professionals. Indoor Allergens presents a wealth of information about common indoor allergens and their varying effects, from significant hay fever to life-threatening asthma. The volume discusses sources of allergens, from fungi and dust mites to allergenic chemicals, plants, and animals, and examines practical measures for their control. Indoor Allergens discusses how the human airway and immune system respond to inhaled allergens and assesses patient testing methods, covering the importance of the patient's medical history and outlining procedures and approaches to interpretation for skin tests, in vitro diagnostic tests, and tests of patients' pulmonary function. This comprehensive and practical volume will be important to allergists and other health care providers; public health professionals; specialists in building design, construction, and maintenance; faculty and students in public health; and interested allergy patients.

Eosinophils represent approximately 1% of peripheral blood leukocytes and play a central proinflammatory and immunoregulatory role in various immune disorders. This volume provides the reader with a comprehensive survey of the major aspects of human eosinophilic biology and immunology as well as the most clinically relevant aspects of eosinophil-related disorders. Expert contributions cover the ultrastructural and phenotypic characteristics of human eosinophils, and their fundamental biochemical features including receptors for IgE and chemokines. The production of cytokines and their role in the activation of eosinophils are reviewed. Furthermore, the classic eosinophil-related disorders such as hypereosinophilia, drug reactions, allergic disorders and some cardiovascular diseases are described. Each of the chapters is written by an investigator actively engaged in research on the topic under consideration. The well-edited and stimulating material compiled in this volume will be of interest to all those working in allergology, immunology, biochemistry and pulmonary medicine.