Tajikistan S Winter Energy Crisis

The purpose of Tajikistan’s Winter Energy Crisis is to assist the Government of Tajikistan (GoT) in exploring ways to overcome electricity shortages due to rising demand for electricity. It focuses on investments and policy reforms in order to strengthen the financial, technical, and institutional capacities in the power sector and to prepare the Government for undertaking a major expansion of power supply capacity until the year 2020. The Study explores a range of supply and demand alternatives (e.g., thermal, run-of-river hydro, other renewables, energy efficiency and demand management) excluding the option of large hydropower plants especially those requiring storage capacities, given the complexity and delays in their establishment. The option of a large hydropower project in Tajikistan, such as Rogun, is being explored by the various studies conducted by the Government and has involved a long process of information sharing on the findings of the studies for consensus building among stakeholders including Tajikistan, riparian Governments and their various Civil Society Organizations. Such a process requires the assurance of international quality standards, and incorporation of the concerns of all stakeholders. Without prompt actions, as recommended by the Study to address the causes of Tajikistan’s electricity crisis in the next 4-5 years, the shortages could increase to about 4,500 GWh by 2016 - translating to over a third of winter electricity demand. Following the recommendations of the current Study, the GoT will be on the road to establishing a long term energy security in Tajikistan.

Asian countries are not homogenous. They are in different stages of social and economic development, with cultural conditions and institutional and legal frameworks varying from one country to another. Therefore, how water can be successfully managed differs from one country to another. The book provides authoritative analyses of how water is being managed in different Asian countries, ranging from the world’s most populous countries like China and India to a city state like Singapore and an island country like Fiji. It also analyses in depth several wide ranging issues like terrorism, human rights, water-energy nexus, and roles of media, along with comprehensive discussions of legal, institutional and regulatory frameworks in an Asian water management context. The overall focus is on how water can be managed efficiently, cost-effectively and equitably in various Asian countries. This book was based on a special issue of the International Journal of Water Resources Development.

On construction sites the world is altered in a very solid, material way. This is not the whole story, of course: if someone builds a house, a railroad or any other thing, there is more under construction that the mere object itself. With spade and excavator contemporary imaginations, visions and historical concepts are equally reshaped or renewed. Interventions into the physical landscape are always accompanied by interventions into the imaginary landscape. Here, eleven authors from seven European countries examine the discursive alongside the performative construction of reality when things are being built.

4.5. The 2007-8 Banking Crisis, Resource Nationalism, and Samruk-Kazyna -- 4.6. Kazakhstan 2050 -- 4.7. Conclusions -- 5. Uzbekistan -- 5.1. The Uzbek Paradox, 1991-96 -- 5.2. The Reintroduction of Exchange Controls, 1996-2003 -- 5.3. Economic Reform and Social Unrest -- 5.4. Responding to Crisis and Facing New Challenges in 2014-16 -- 5.5. The Karimov Era in Retrospect -- 5.6. Prospects for the Mirziyoyev Era -- 6. Turkmenistan -- 6.1. The Turkmenistan Economic Model -- 6.2. External Relations -- 6.3. Economic Performance, 1991-2006 -- 6.4. Natural Gas: Part One -- 6.5. From Turkmenbashi to Berdymuhamedov -- 6.6. Natural Gas: Part Two -- 6.7. Conclusions -- 7. The Kyrgyz Republic -- 7.1. Creating a Market Economy -- 7.2. Economic Development -- 7.3. Kumtor -- 7.4. Transit Center Manas -- 7.5. Retail Trade and Value Chains -- 7.6. Migration and Remittances -- 7.7. Economic and Political Developments in 2010 and After -- 7.8. Conclusions -- 8. Tajikistan

This book advances our understanding of security and its intricate interactions with geopolitics and the environment in Eurasia. Norman A. Graham and Şuhnaz Yılmaz focus on Eurasia, where the energy-water-food nexus has emerged as a vital aspect of political economy and increasinglyas a decisive factor for human security. As clearly revealed during the Russian invasion of Ukraine, this nexus rests on a precarious balance. Graham and Yilmaz argue that Central Eurasia is currently “Running on Empty” and highlight the key environmental challenges, including water quantity and quality and food security. The authors draw on their extensive fieldwork in countries including Azerbaijan, China, Georgia, Kazakhstan, the Russian Federation, Turkey, and Uzbekistan to assess the interests and impact of pivotal actors and evaluate the competition and complementarities of these actors regarding water, energy, food security, and foreign policy imperatives. They also examine the broader interaction and implications of security at multiple levels by analyzing the local, national, and international factors in light of geopolitical and environmental challenges. Taking a novel and highly interdisciplinary approach, this book will be an important resource for students and scholars of energy and food security, political economy, international conflict and cooperation, and natural resource politics.

This report attempts to identify policy, social, infrastructure, and technology issues that must be addressed to meet the future energy needs of members of the Asian Development Bank (ADB) in Asia and the Pacific. Two cases of the projected energy demand and supply up to 2035 for ADB members in Asia and the Pacific are presented---a business-as-usual case, which reflects the impact of existing policies and current technology levels on future energy demand and energy choice and which assumes that current trends in the development of new and renewable energy sources will continue into the future; and an alternative case that considers the potential for energy savings on both the demand and supply sides through the deployment of advanced and low-carbon technologies to increase energy security in the region. For both outlook cases, carbon dioxide emissions generated and the investments required on the supply and demand sides were estimated.