The Backbone Of Europe

Represents the largest recorded dataset based on human skeletal remains from archaeological sites across the continent of Europe.

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"The present report delineates Europe's mountain areas according to topography and altitude criteria, based on data from digital elevation models. For the purposes of this study, 36 % of Europe's area is defined as mountainous, including 29 % of the EU27. Massifs also served as a unit of analysis and 15 were defined. This report is based on a highly variable evidence base. For certain variables, comprehensive datasets are only available for EU Member States. Comprehensive Europe-wide datasets are only available for a few variable and topics, often only for one point in time. To help overcome these data gaps, many issues are illustrated through regional, national or sub-national case studies."--Editor.

Secular Byzantine Women examines female material culture during the Late Roman, Byzantine, and Post-Byzantine eras, to better understand the lives of ordinary and humble women during this period. Although recent scholarship has contributed greatly to our knowledge of Byzantine and medieval women, such research has largely focused on female saints, imperial figures, and prominent women of local communities. But what about secular and non-privileged women? Bringing together scholars from various fields, including archaeology, history, theology, anthropology, and ethnography, this volume seeks to answer this important question. The chapters examine the everyday lives of lay women, including their working routines, their clothing, and precious possessions. This book will appeal to scholars and students of Byzantine history, art, and archaeology, as well as those interested in gender and material culture studies.

As a response to the Russian invasion of Ukraine, the United States and the European Union have put in place far-reaching and highly coordinated sanctions against Russia. While their sanctions are similar in content, the United States and the European Union differ in their sanctions’ history as well as in their respective sanctions frameworks, which govern how sanctions are adopted, implemented, and challenged. These frameworks constitute the backbone of the sanctions imposed and shape their effectiveness and impact. They therefore are critical for the United States’ and the European Union’s capacity to conduct geopolitics. This article explores the sanctions frameworks of the United States and the European Union from a comparative perspective and investigates their similarities and differences. It argues that the post 2022 sanctions against Russia are in many ways a turning point for the European Union’s sanction practice, uncovering considerable insufficiencies, but also sparking critical reflection and much needed innovation. It furthermore underscores that a good look at the long-serving United States’ sanctions framework will pay off for the European Union, when creating the foundation for future sanctions regimes.

This book provides a detailed analysis of the transnational web sphere that emerged at the height of the Eurozone crisis between 2011 and 2013. During these turbulent years, a diverse spectrum of professional communicators from the media and political sectors as well as from opinionated individuals on blogs and social media discussed, and thus framed, the crisis in the digital public sphere. The analysis focuses on the various fields of contestation of the crisis that became detectable in the transnational online discourse and shows how conflict and fragmentation shaped political communication in this context. Nguyen concludes that there was not a single crisis but a chain of intersecting and profound political and cultural conflicts triggered by the economic upheavals, which led to the emergence of an extremely dynamic and unstable transnational digital public sphere, where different political and cultural viewpoints collided.

By and large, EU financial integration has been a success story. Still, the reform agenda is far from finished. What are the remaining challenges? What are the gains of closer financial market integration? This IMF book tracks the European Union's journey along the path to a single financial market and identifies the challenges and priorities that remain ahead. It pays particular attention to the most recent integration efforts in the European Union following the introduction of the euro. The study looks at the importance of financial integration, in particular for economic growth, the interplay between banks and markets, and equity market integration. It closely examines the relationship between financial integration and financial stability. This interaction presents the European Union with a challenge, but also with the opportunity to play a pioneering role in developing a regional approach to financial stability that could provide lessons for the rest of the world.

The automotive industry is a major pillar of the modern global economy and one of Europe’s key industries. There can hardly be any doubt about the important role of this sector as an engine for employment, growth and innovation in Europe, and there are crucial challenges and opportunities ahead. The authors shed light on a broad range of issues – globalisation and restructuring, trade and foreign direct investment, innovation, regulation, and industry policy – and put a special focus on the new member states. While change may be inevitable, progress is not. This book shall serve as a map to all stakeholders: business executives and policy makers, investors and scholars.