The Complete Technology Book On Textile Spinning Weaving Finishing And Printing

The Book is based on the latest technology involved in textile industry. It contains processes of textile spinning, weaving, finishing and printing. The book is very useful to the research scholors, technocrats, entrepreneurs, textile mill owners, their production and quality management officers etc.

Textile industry is one of the few basic industries, which is characterised as a necessary component of human life. One may classify it as a more glamorous industry, but whatever it is, it provides with the basic requirement called clothes. Spinning is the process of converting cotton or manmade fibre into yarn to be used for weaving and knitting. Weaving is a method of textile production in which two distinct sets of yarns or threads are interlaced at right angles to form a fabric or cloth. Finishing refers to the processes that convert the woven or knitted cloth into a usable material. Printing is the process of applying colour to fabric in definite patterns or designs. The textile industry occupies an important position in the total volume of merchandise trade across countries. Developing countries account for little over two-third of world exports in textiles and clothing. It is the second largest employer after agriculture, providing employment to over 45 million people directly and 60 million people indirectly. The future for the textile industry looks promising, buoyed by both strong domestic consumption as well as export demand. This book is based on the latest technology involved in textile industry, which describes the processes available at the spinning and fabric forming stages coupled with the complexities of the finishing and colouration processes to the production of wide ranges of products. The major contents of the book are dyeing of textile materials, principles of spinning, process preparatory to spinning, principles of weaving, textile chemicals, yarn preparation, weaving and woven fabrics, knitting and knit fabrics, nonconventional fabrics, cellulosics, mixed fibers, printing compositions, printing processes, transfer dyes, transfer inks etc. It describes the manufacturing processes and photographs of plant & machinery with supplier’s contact details. It will be a standard reference book for professionals, entrepreneurs, textile mill owners, those studying and researching in this important area and others interested in the field of textile industry.

Spinning is a major industry; it is part of the textile manufacturing process where three types of fibre are converted into yarn, then fabric, then textiles. The textiles are then fabricated into clothes or other artifacts. The fundamental operations for the stocks of fibers from which a woollen yarn is made are opening, cleaning, mixing, forming a slubbing or roving and finally thinning the roving to the required yarn number and twisting it to produce a yarn possessing the requirements for subsequent processing such as warping, winding, weaving, finishing and dyeing. These demands vary with the different conditions confronted in manufacturing but include the following features: strength, elasticity, uniformity in weight per unit length and even distribution of twist. Woollen spinning involves three principal operations, irrespective of whether the mule or the frame or ring spinner is used, namely: Drafting, final drawing out, Twisting, or insertion of twist, Winding on, or packaging. Weaving constitutes the actual production of cloth or fabric, i.e., to combine the essentially one dimensional textile structure thread or yarn in such a way as to result in an essentially two dimensional structure of cloth of certain appearance, hand and strength. Knitting is the art and science of constructing a fabric by inter lacing loops, there are two types of knitting: warp and weft knitting. In recent years whole new classes of dyes such as fiber reactive, disperse, cationic basic, neutral dying premetalized have been discovered and produced for the dyeing of the natural and new synthetic, hydrophobic fibers. Bleaching improves whiteness by removing natural coloration and remaining trace impurities from the cotton; the degree of bleaching necessary is determined by the required whiteness and absorbency. Cotton being a vegetable fibre will be bleached using an oxidizing agent, such as dilute sodium hypochlorite or dilute hydrogen peroxide. If the fabric is to be dyed a deep shade, then lower levels of bleaching are acceptable, for example. However, for white bed sheetings and medical applications, the highest levels of whiteness and absorbency are essential. Wool fiber production technology necessitates full understanding of its growth, pristine structure, physical, chemical and functional properties as well as processes involving manufacture of textile fibers. Some of the fundamentals of the book are woollen spinning, atmospheric conditions in wool manufacturing, Bradford system top gilling or top finishing, the principle of weaving, woollen and worsted weaves, knitting, the changing outlook of the knitting industry, influence of fiber fineness on quantity of dye required, altering the affinity of the wool fiber for dyes, dyeing of yarn according to the packing system, special wool finishes, water repellent, stain resistant treatments for worsted and woollen fabrics, the printing of wool piece goods, lustering of wool fabrics, fluorochemicals, mothproofing etc. The present book is of its own kind which covers woollen spinning; knitting, dyeing, bleaching and printing, special wool finishes etc. This is an important reference book for wool technologists, scientists, new entrepreneurs, research scholars and all others related to this field.

Essential oils are also known as volatile oils, ethereal oils or aetherolea, or simply as the oil of the plant from which they were extracted. Essential oils are generally used in perfumes, cosmetics, soaps and other products, for flavoring food and drink, and for adding scents to incense and household cleaning products. Various essential oils have been used medicinally at different periods in history. Medical applications proposed by those who sell medicinal oils range from skin treatments to remedies for cancer, and often are based solely on historical accounts of use of essential oils for these purposes. Interest in essential oils has revived in recent decades with the popularity of aromatherapy, a branch of alternative medicine that claims that essential oils and other aromatic compounds have curative effects. Oils are volatilized or diluted in carrier oil and used in massage, diffused in the air by a nebulizer, heated over a candle flame, or burned as incense. This book describes about the physicochemical properties, chemical composition, distillation, yield, quality of essential oils, process of extraction of essential oils, manufacture of essential oils, products derived from essential oils and so on. The book in your hands contains formulae, processes, and test parameters of different types of essential oils derived from different natural sources. This is very helpful book for new entrepreneurs, professionals, institutions and for those who are already engaged in this field.

Jute & Coir are one of the important fibre crops in India. India is the largest producer of Jute & Coir, contributing more than 60% of the total world production. Besides being the cheapest and the most important material of all textile fibers, Jute & Coir products are bio-degradable eco-friendly with numerous environmental advantages. The Demand of Jute and Coir Products are increasing rapidly because of their environment friendly nature. Jute is one of the most affordable natural fibers and is second only to cotton in amount produced and variety of uses of vegetable fibers. Jute fibers are composed primarily of the plant materials cellulose and lignin. Jute is the name of the plant or fiber that is used to make burlap, hessian or gunny cloth. Coir is a versatile natural fibre extracted from mesocarp tissue, or husk of the coconut fruit. Generally fibre is of golden color when cleaned after removing from coconut husk; and hence named as “The Golden Fibre". This Book aims at providing a thorough understanding and analysis of the Jute & Coir sector. The book discusses the overview of the Jute & Coir along with their Classification, Structure, Properties and Manufacturing Process of different products. Few major contents of the Book are Jute Cultivation, Coconut Cultivation, Jute Yarn, Sutli & Hessian Cloth, Jute Twine (Jute Rope), Gunny Bags, Jute Garments, Jute Shopping Bags, Gunny Bags (Jute Bags) Manufacturing, Handmade Paper from Jute, Environment Pollution and Effluent Treatment of Jute, Coir Fibre, Coir Pith, Biomass Charcoal Briquetting from Jute and Coir Waste, Rubberized Coir Mattresses, Coir Pith for Absorption and Recovery of Oil from Contaminated Sites, Application of Coir in Agricultural Textiles, Manufacture of Coir Corrugated Roofing Sheet, Coir Machinery Manufacturers, Importers of Coir Products. It also contains the Product and Machinery photographs, Name of Indian Buying Agents of Coir Products with their contact details. The purpose of this book is to provide information to new Entrepreneurs, Technocrats, Students and Professionals. 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The dairy industry plays an important role in our daily life. It is difficult to realize how fast changes are taking place in the dairy industry. Milk is an important human food, it is palatable, easy to digest and highly nutritive. One of the important factors affecting the total amount of milk produced and the way in which this milk is utilized is the demand for the various products. In order to prepare such a diversity of products, many different processes have been developed by the industry. There are numerous types of milk products such as ghee, butter, paneer, cheese, yogurt, ice cream powder, baby cereal food, cream, and so on. Each of these has been designed to take advantage of some particular property of milk. Dairy products are generally defined as food produced from the milk of mammals; they are usually high energy yielding food products. Enzymes play an important role in the production of cheese. Raw milk contains several native enzymes some of which can be used for analytical and quality purposes for example pasteurization can be assessed by determining indigenous alkaline phosphate activity. India is known as the Oyster of the global dairy industry, with opportunities galore to the entrepreneurs globally. Anyone might want to capitalize on the largest and fastest growing milk and milk products market. The dairy industry in India has been witnessing rapid growth. The liberalized economy provides more opportunities for MNCs and foreign investors to release the full potential of this industry. The main aim of the Indian dairy industry is only to better manage the national resources to enhance milk production and upgrade milk processing using innovative technologies. The major contents of the book are cholesterol, coronary heart disease and mil fat, cholesterol and cardio vascular diseases, fatty acids & cholesterol, factors affecting cardio vascular disease, application of enzymes in dairy and food processing, utilisation of milk components: casein, advances in the heat treatment of milk, varieties of sheep's cheese, whey cheese, potted cheese, filled cheese, testing butter at different stages, presentation of butter at different stages, condensed and evaporated milk, dried milk powder, skimmed powder, malted powder, butter powder, ghee yoghurt, technology processing of dairy and dairy products, dried milk shake, milk powder, dahi from sweet cream butter milk, packaging of dairy and milk products, dairy farm, dairy products & milk packaging in pouches, etc. Developments in the dairy industry are enough to justify a revision of a considerable amount of material in this book. This book deals with processes, formulae, project profiles, details of plant, machinery & raw materials with their resources etc. of various dairy products. This book will help all its readers from entrepreneurs to food industries, technocrats and scientists.

Ayurvedic medicine (also called Ayurveda) is one of the world’s oldest medical systems. It originated in India and has evolved there over thousands of years. It is a holistic healing science. Ayurvedic practice involves the use of medications that typically contain herbs, metals, minerals, or other materials. Now-a-days people are attracted more towards Ayurvedic medicines as the allopathic medicines are costlier and have side effects. There is more and more scientific research being conducted in our country for treatment of various diseases by Ayurvedic and herbal therapy. Research on medicinal and cosmetic uses of herbs is contributing to the growth of herbal industry. A large number of ailments have Ayurvedic treatment much superior to the other system of medicines and this has been recognized world over. Medicine has become an increasingly accepted alternative medical treatment in America during the last two decades. Up to 80% of people in India use either Ayurveda or other traditional medicines. It is believed that building a healthy metabolic system, attaining good digestion and proper excretion leads to vitality. India is said to have advantage of well recorded and well practiced knowledge of traditional herbal medicines. Herbal products are in huge demand in the developed world for health care, for the reason that they are efficient, safe and have lesser side effects. Efforts have been made on this book to enable readers to explore details regarding medicinal plants and their processing, learn about the unique composition of Rooh Afza, a clinical study of Chyavanaprash produced by Ayurveda rasashala, a clinical assessment of effect of triphala inlipoma, formulae and processes of different types of Ayurvedic Medicines like churan, capsules, syrup, sharbat, pastes etc that are used in various ailments. It also highlights preparation and uses of every product accompanied with their formulations which offers relief from a variety of conditions, such as cold and flu symptoms, headaches, toothaches, sore throats, high cholesterol, vision problems, anxiety, depression etc. Special content on machinery equipment photographs along with supplier details has also been included.

Cosmetics have been in utilization for more than thousands years. More commonly known as make- up, it includes a host of skin products like foundation, lip colors etc. The international market for skincare and color cosmetics surpassed a sale of 53 billion dollars in 2002. The quantity and number of latest products brought to market both nationally and internationally continues to develop at a fast pace. Cosmetic chemists all the time are looking for attractive and striking material that enhances skin's appearance and healthiness. A huge collection of compounds is required to supply these products. The newest edition of the Cosmetics Toiletries and Fragrance Association (CTFA) Dictionary displays more than 10,000 raw materials and the list continues to increase with every year hundreds of new ingredients being added. The cosmetic chemistry has encompasses a vast area of study and one such is Herbal Cosmetics. Herbal cosmetics are the product of cosmetic chemistry, a science that combines the skills of specialists in chemistry, physics, biology, medicine and herbs. Since cosmetics are applied mostly to the skin, hair and nails, a brief description of the anatomy of these is desirable. Herbal cosmetic major users are girls and women who are very much peculiar about their skin type and requirement. Synthetic cosmetic being harsh and prone to more side- effects, herbal cosmetic is quickly replacing it and gaining a lot of popularity. As a result it has created an enormous market for itself both domestic as well as export market. Herbal Cosmetics Handbook has been featured as best seller. The book contains formulae, manufacturing processes of different herbal cosmetics like cosmetics for skin, nails, hair etc. It also covers analysis method of cosmetics, toxicity and test method. Some of the chapters of the book are: Classification of cosmetics Economic aspects, Cosmetic Emulsions, Cosmetics for the skin, Cosmetic Creams, Lubricating or Emollient Creams-Night Creams, Skin Protective and Hand Creams, Vanishing Creams-Foundation Creams, Liquid Creams, Cosmetic Lotions, Hand Lotions, Skin Toning Lotions-Skin Fresheners, Astringent Lotions, Hair Tonics and many more. The book will render useful purpose for new entrepreneurs, technologists, professionals, researchers and for those who want to extend their knowledge in the said field.