The Electroencephalogram

Neurological, neurovegetative, and psychic changes following surgery or in tensive care indicate alterations in cerebral function. When these changes are analyzed exactly, they are found to be by no means rare; at the same time, they present a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations. While optimal circulatory monitoring - including continuous EEG recording during anes thesia or intensive care - is today regarded as routine, the problem of objec tive and continuous monitoring of cerebral function under various forms of anesthesia, surgery, and intensive care has not been solved. Considerable improvements in clinical neurophysiology, mainly through visual and spectral analytic evaluations of the EEG, show func tional neurophysiological changes to be equivalent to, or the cause of, clinical, neurological, and psychic changes. The question of current interest, therefore, is whether anesthesiological EEG monitoring is able, both theo retically and practically, to detect and adequately interpret cerebral altera tions following perioperative measures such that these alterations can be treated or avoided accordingly. In the long run, the basic questions are to what extent can anesthesiological measures be guided by the EEG pattern and managed effectively, and can EEG analysis be significant both for the individual patient and in the general interpretation of the effect of anes thesiological procedures? Questions of the relevance and practicability of anesthesiological EEG monitoring are dealt with in this book. This study is based on an analysis of more than 1500 EEGs of patients who underwent anesthesia during surgery.

A study of epilepsy from an engineering perspective, this volume begins by summarizing the physiology and the fundamental ideas behind the measurement, analysis and modeling of the epileptic brain. It introduces the EEG and provides an explanation of the type of brain activity likely to register in EEG measurements, offering an overview of how these EEG records are and have been analyzed in the past. The book focuses on the problem of seizure detection and surveys the physiologically based dynamic models of brain activity. Finally, it addresses the fundamental question: can seizures be predicted? Based on the authors' extensive research, the book concludes by exploring a range of future possibilities in seizure prediction.

In the history of brain research, the prospect of visualizing brain processes has continually awakened great expectations. In this study, Cornelius Borck focuses on a recording technique developed by the German physiologist Hans Berger to register electric brain currents; a technique that was expected to allow the brain to write in its own language, and which would reveal the way the brain worked. Borck traces the numerous contradictory interpretations of electroencephalography, from Berger’s experiments and his publication of the first human EEG in 1929, to its international proliferation and consolidation as a clinical diagnostic method in the mid-twentieth century. Borck's thesis is that the language of the brain takes on specific contours depending on the local investigative cultures, from whose conflicting views emerged a new scientific object: the electric brain.

Why consult encyclopedic references when you only need the essentials? Practical Approach to Electroencephalography, by Mark H. Libenson, MD, equips you with just the right amount of guidance you need for obtaining optimal EEG results! It presents a thorough but readable guide to EEGs, explaining what to do, what not to do, what to look for, and how to interpret the results. It also goes beyond the technical aspects of performing EEGs by providing case studies of the neurologic disorders and conditions in which EEGs are used, making this an excellent learning tool. Abundant EEG examples throughout help you to recognize normal and abnormal EEGs in all situations. Presents enough detail and answers to questions and problems encountered by the beginner and the non-expert. Uses abundant EEG examples to help you recognize normal and abnormal EEGs in all situations. Provides expert pearls from Dr. Libenson that guide you in best practices in EEG testing. Features a user-friendly writing style from a single author that makes learning easy. Examines the performance of EEGs—along with the disorders for which they’re performed—for a resource that considers the patient and not just the technical aspects of EEGs. Includes discussions of various disease entities, like epilepsy, in which EEGs are used, as well as other special issues, to equip you to handle more cases.

Animal Electroencephalography focuses on the use of electroencephalography (EEG) in studying brain electric activity. The manuscript first underscores the physiologic bases of EEG and the characteristics and usage of electrodes. Discussions focus on basic elements of nerve cell function, general nature of EEG, implantation of intracerebral electrodes, and affixing surface electrodes. The text then examines noise or artifact, electronic recording systems, and interpretation and analysis of EEG. Electronic principles of special relevance, electrode configurations, and electroencephalographs are discussed. The book takes a look at EEG correlates of physiologic and pathologic changes, as well as maturation of EEG, behavioral correlates, and internal influences. Experimentally produced brain diseases and naturally occurring brain diseases are also elaborated. The manuscript is a valuable reference for readers interested in electroencephalography.

A trusted resource for anyone involved in EEG interpretation, this compact handbook is designed for on-the-go reference. Covering the essential components of EEG in clinical practice, the book provides graphic examples of classic EEG presentations with essential text points of critical information to enhance reading skills to aid in improving patient outcomes. Authored by prominent experts in clinical neurophysiology, this second edition is updated to reflect current advances in ICU and intraoperative monitoring and includes new chapters on polysomnography, status epilepticus, and pediatric EEG. The Handbook of EEG Interpretation, Second Edition fits in a lab coat pocket to facilitate immediate information retrieval during bedside, OR, ER, and ICU EEG interpretation. It is divided into eight sections that cover all major EEG topics including normal and normal variants, epileptiform and nonepileptiform abnormalities, seizures and status epilepticus, ICU EEG, sleep, and intraoperative monitoring. Each chapter highlights the principal challenges involved with a particular type of EEG interpretation. Consistently formatted and packed with practical tips, this handbook is a highly useful tool for residents, fellows, clinicians, and neurophysiology technologists looking for quick and reliable EEG information, regardless of specialty or level of training. Key Features of Handbook of EEG Interpretation, Second Edition: Updated and expanded to reflect advances in clinical EEG applications, including three new dedicated chapters Addresses all areas of EEG interpretation in a concise, pocket-sized, easy-to-access format Provides organized information and a visual approach to identifying EEG waveforms and understanding their clinical significance Presents information consistently for structured review and rapid retrieval Includes practical tips by notable experts throughout "...Large variety of subjects, good diagrams, thoroughly researched data....The book would make a good addition to a departmental or personal library." --American Journal of Electroneurodiagnostic Technology "...[H]elpful for neurology residents and fellows who are learning EEG interpretation or who need to make decisions while on call at the hospitalÖ" --Doody's Reviews

Brain Seizure Detection and Classification Using Electroencephalographic Signals presents EEG signal processing and analysis with high performance feature extraction. The book covers the feature selection method based on One-way ANOVA, along with high performance machine learning classifiers for the classification of EEG signals in normal and epileptic EEG signals. In addition, the authors also present new methods of feature extraction, including Singular Spectrum-Empirical Wavelet Transform (SSEWT) for improved classification of seizures in significant seizure-types, specifically epileptic and Non-Epileptic Seizures (NES). The performance of the system is compared with existing methods of feature extraction using Wavelet Transform (WT) and Empirical Wavelet Transform (EWT). The book's objective is to analyze the EEG signals to observe abnormalities of brain activities called epileptic seizure. Seizure is a neurological disorder in which too many neurons are excited at the same time and are triggered by brain injury or by chemical imbalance. Presents EEG signal processing and analysis concepts with high performance feature extraction Discusses recent trends in seizure detection, prediction and classification methodologies Helps classify epileptic and non-epileptic seizures where misdiagnosis may lead to the unnecessary use of antiepileptic medication Provides new guidance and technical discussions on feature-extraction methods and feature selection methods based on One-way ANOVA, along with high performance machine learning classifiers for classification of EEG signals in normal and epileptic EEG signals, and new methods of feature extraction developed by the authors, including Singular Spectrum-Empirical Wavelet

A unified treatment of the generation and analysis of brain-generated electromagnetic fields. In Brain Signals, Risto Ilmoniemi and Jukka Sarvas present the basic physical and mathematical principles of magnetoencephalography (MEG) and electroencephalography (EEG), describing what kind of information is available in the neuroelectromagnetic field and how the measured MEG and EEG signals can be analyzed. Unlike most previous works on these topics, which have been collections of writings by different authors using different conventions, this book presents the material in a unified manner, providing the reader with a thorough understanding of basic principles and a firm basis for analyzing data generated by MEG and EEG. The book first provides a brief introduction to brain states and the early history of EEG and MEG, describes the generation of electromagnetic fields by neuronal activity, and discusses the electromagnetic forward problem. The authors then turn to EEG and MEG analysis, offering a review of linear and matrix algebra and basic statistics needed for analysis of the data, and presenting several analysis methods: dipole fitting; the minimum norm estimate (MNE); beamforming; the multiple signal classification algorithm (MUSIC), including RAP-MUSIC with the RAP dilemma and TRAP-MUSIC, which removes the RAP dilemma; independent component analysis (ICA); and blind source separation (BSS) with joint diagonalization.