The Underwater Handbook

Although underwater archaeology has assumed its rightful place as an important subdiscipline in the field, the published literature has not kept pace with the rapid increase in the number of both prehistoric and historic underwater sites. The editors have assembled an internationally distinguished roster of contributors to fill this gap. The book presents geographical and topical approaches, and focuses on technology, law, public and private institutional roles and goals, and the research and development of future technologies and public programs.

This handbook attempts to translate data on various parameters of man's capability in underwater and hyperbaric environments for those without a background in the life sciences. Accomplishing any multifaceted task requires team work, and effective team work depends on facile communication among all participants. To communicate properly, all parties must understand each other's problems and be able to speak a similar language. To this end we believe that this publication will go a long way in furthering the understanding and communication necessary for maximum achievement. The U. S. Navy has a fundamental interest in all types of activities connected with the ocean and is especially interested in the growing field of manned underwater and hyperbaric activities. Thus, the manuscript for this comprehensive book was developed under Office of Naval Research contract N00014-67-A-0214-0013 with The George Washington University. We acknowledge with appreciation the financial support and technical guidance for this undertaking by the Naval Medical Research and Develop ment Command of the Bureau of Medicine and Surgery as well as by the Engineering Psychology Program and the Physiology Program of the Office of Naval Research. JOSEPH P. POLLARD Director Biological and Medical Sciences Division Office of Naval Research vii Preface A need was felt for a book that would document the relationship of the human being to the underwater hyperbaric environment in such a way that the individual unfamiliar with the psychological or biomedical jargon could still understand and appreciate the information.

Still photography and videography techniques, including choosing the best equipment, using equipment to its full potential, and solving technical challenges. Full-color diagrams, tables, and charts provide easy reference for exposure settings and composition.

Hundreds of tones, myriad hues, and every shade of blue and green: these are the colors of Costa Rica as seen through the underwater lens. Costa Rica Blue is the definitive guide to Costa Rica's underwater world, meticulously researched and written with the help and support of scientists, conservationists and expert divers in the field. Packed with extraordinary images, these pages are as visually dazzling as they are practical. Part I is dedicated to Costa Rica's marine life: the sharks, rays, whales and dolphins, sea turtles, fish and invertebrates that inhabit these waters. Part II is full of maps, photos and practical information about scuba diving and snorkeling, with a comprehensive volume on Cocos Island. Discover the island's fascinating history through primary sources and antique newspaper articles -- from pirates and whalers to scientists and treasure hunters. Then explore its terrestrial biome and its mesmerizing underwater realm. For the most up-to-date info about Costa Rica's oceans, please visit our website www.costaricablue.org

A guide to the underwater life of the Mediterranean Sea, Europe's most popular dive location. It includes practical advice for divers, explains the complex meteorological mechanisms of the area, and has illustrated biological information on important species of fish.

Many problems confronting the practicing commercial diver can be worked out easily and accurately with the use of the formulas provided here. Among the calculations given are those relating to decompression, fresh water vs. seawater, air supply, compass, and salvage. Pressure, volume, and temperature relationships, safe working loads of rigging and tackle, corrosion of metals, underwater light and sound -- all of these are discussed, supplemented by a list of useful references.

"Too many divers and snorkelers pass their time in a daze, swimming blindly from one big object to the next. They miss out on the myriad beautiful and fascinating small creatures that are there on show for anyone who takes the time to look." The marine life of Indonesia is second to none in terms of both the number of species and diversity of forms. There are more species of fish, coral, and more of almost all marine life groups present in Indonesian waters than in any other country. Here is a colorful and scintillating introduction to an astounding array of marine life that will arouse the interest of marine enthusiasts, divers, and snorkelers alike. The guide includes more than 250 magnificent color photographs that explore the wonderous underwater world of the Indonesian archipelago; essential information on the marine life of the Archipelago, from corals to marine reptiles, sea snails to lobsters, bottomhuggers to pufferfishes, starfish to sea slugs; a comprehensive marine life section that will help readers identify each particular species and its habitat.

Still photography and videography techniques, including choosing the best equipment, using equipment to its full potential, and solving technical challenges. Full-color diagrams, tables, and charts provide easy reference for exposure settings and composition.