Transactions 28th European Strabismological Association Meeting

This book contains all oral presentations, posters, and workshop transactions of the 28th Meeting of the European Strabismological Association that took place in Bergen, Norway. The highlight of the meeting is the ESA-lecture what can eye muscle studies tell us about strabismus by Prof. Gunnar Lennerstrand from Stockholm. All 60 oral presentations of the following sessions are described: screening, amblyopia, eye movements, vision, refraction, nystagmus, stereopsis, exotropia, vergence problems, refractive surgery, cataract and strabismus, strabismus surgery, botulinum toxin, EMG, oblique muscles, paralytic strabismus, thyroid, duane syndrome and varia.

These transactions are the complete report of the 27th ESA meeting, which was held from June 6-9th 2001 in Florence, Italy. The fifth ESA lecture was given by Guntram Kommerell in which he describes "Nature's wonders and mistakes in ocular motility". A total of 72 papers and 34 posters are collected in this work on a variety of strabismus subjects.

A compilation of selected papers, posters and lectures presented at the 29th meeting of the European Strabismological Association in Izmir, Turkey, June 2004, outlining the latest developments in the fields of eye surgery, vision screening, ophthalmology and related disciplines. The highlight of this meeting was the special lecture given by Gunter von Noorden, "History of Strabismology", included here in full. The meeting also covered a number of important problems associated with strabismology, including ambyopia, botulinum toxin, Brown’s syndrome and congenital fibrosis syndrome. In addition, new methods and techniques are outlined, giving a complete overview of the hot topics in strabismology for strabismologists, pediatric opthalmologists and orthoptists.

These transactions include the manuscripts of 55 scientific papers and 15 posters. The papers are grouped into the following topics: amblyopia, neurology, botulinum, surgical technique, assessment/measurement, restrictive squint and thyroid, and eso-exo deviations/A-V patterns.

The 8 recurring volumes of the "Essentials in Ophthalmology" series cover the most recent developments in one of eight subspecialties in Ophthalmology. With four volumes published per year, each subspecialty is newly visited every 24 months, with a distinct focus on recent developments. By bridging the gap between original research and medical textbooks, the transfer of this developing knowledge into daily practice is greatly enhanced.

This text is a comprehensive collection and discussion of scientific essays that define the pathogenesis of common forms of pediatric strabismus and nystagmus in terms of their common evolutionary mechanisms. The goal of this book is to assemble these essays, to provide a definitive source for current clinicians to use along with follow up comments to help direct future scientific research in the field of pediatric ophthalmology. This book includes 20 original essays written by Michael C. Brodsky which mechanistically explain and unify such enigmatic conditions such as infantile esotropia, latent nystagmus, primary oblique muscle overreaction action, dissociated vertical divergence, infantile nystagmus, and intermittent exotropia in terms of ancestral evolutionary reflexes which become expressed in different ways to generate these disorders. This collection of essays is poised to become a classic reference, providing the necessary neurological framework for contextualizing unique ocular motor disorder and understanding the evolutionary mechanisms responsible for their development in early childhood. Written with focused interest for pediatric ophthalmologists and neuro-ophthalmologists, this reference will also find audience with ophthalmologists, neurologists, evolutionary biologists, and neuroscientists.