Treatment Of Prisoners International And Polish Perspective

List of Abbreviations / 7 Introduction / 9 Chapter 1. Deprivation of liberty in the context of criminal justice system / 17 1.1. General remarks / 17 1.2. Deprivation of liberty – its nature and aims / 23 1.3. Classification of prisoners – consequences / 26 1.4. Basic penitentiary paradox / 29 1.5. Prison of the 21st century / 31 Chapter 2. Contemporary penitentiary standards and policy – normative aspect / 37 2.1. Treaty standards / 38 2.1.1. General treaties / 38 2.1.2. Special treaty regulations / 43 2.2. Recommended standards / 45 2.2.1. Universal level / 45 2.2.2. Regional level / 49 2.3. Domestic impact of international standards – Polish example / 53 Chapter 3. Prison population – human dimension of personal interrelations / 57 3.1. The prisoners / 57 3.2. The prison staff / 66 3.3. Interpersonal confrontations and their consequences / 71 3.3.1. Horizontal personal interrelations / 72 3.3.2. Vertical personal interrelations / 76 3.4. Examples of extreme personal interrelations (prison scandals in a nutshell) / 78 Chapter 4. Social rehabilitation of prisoners – between idea and reality / 83 4.1. An idea of “normalization”/ 83 4.2. A concept of the “implied limitations”/ 90 4.3. Main instruments of social rehabilitation / 92 4.3.1. Contacts with the outside world – possibilities / 92 4.3.2. Special offers inside the prisons / 95 4.3.2.1. Work / 95 4.3.2.2. Education / 98 4.3.2.2.1. Spiritual assistance / 99 4.3.2.2.2. Leisure time / 101 4.3.2.3. Treatment programs / 102 4.4. Preparation for release / 104 Chapter 5. Prison life and human dignity – situations of special risk / 107 5.1. Brief introductory remarks / 107 5.2. Problem of discrimination / 108 5.3. Prison order and coercion measures / 110 5.3.1. An authorized coercion actions in prison / 112 5.4. Health care “in” and “out” of prison / 118 5.5. Disciplinary procedure and sanctions / 122 Chapter 6. Control, inspections and basic procedural guaranties for prisoners / 127 6.1. Domestic level / 129 6.2. International level / 132 6.2.1. Complaint/petition procedures / 132 6.2.1.1. Council of Europe / 132 6.2.1.2. European Union / 134 6.2.1.3. United Nations Organization / 135 6.2.2. Additional monitoring procedures / 137 Final remarks / 139 Bibiography (Basic Literature) / 147 Appendices / 155

This publication examines the rules in force in Europe governing prisons and the treatment of prisoners, including the use of force, the selection of prison staff and the protection of prisoners' human rights, based on Recommendation Rec (2006) 2 on the European Prison Rules (which was adopted by the Committee of Ministers of the Council of Europe in January 2006). It contains the text of the recommendation with a detailed commentary on it, together with a report which considers recent developments and analyses the effectiveness of these rules and of imprisonment as a form of punishment.

... Is a unique collection of authoritative briefings from over 90 countries around the world. Each chapter covers a particular country's demographics, mental health resources, undergraduate education, postgraduate training in psychiatry, research activities, mental health legislation, and policy and development strategies.

In Life and Death in Captivity, Geoffrey P. R. Wallace explores the profound differences in the ways captives are treated during armed conflict. Wallace focuses on the dual role played by regime type and the nature of the conflict in determining whether captor states opt for brutality or mercy.

The overall purpose of this checklist is to assist Member States in conducting internal or administrative inspections to assess compliance of their national prison systems with the Nelson Mandela Rules, and thus to facilitate the practical application of the Rules at national level. More specifically, it aims to enhance the effectiveness and efficiency of internal inspection systems conducted by the central prison administration as important agents of change now explicitly referred to in the Rules in their task of contributing to the creation of prison conditions and management in line with national law as well as with international standards and norms.

For more than a generation after World War II, offi cial government doctrine and many Austrians insisted they had been victims of Nazi aggression in 1938 and, therefore, bore no responsibility for German war crimes. During the past twenty years this myth has been revised to include a more complex past, one with both Austrian perpetrators and victims.Part one describes soldiers from Austria who fought in the German Wehrmacht, a history only recently unearthed. Richard Germann covers units and theaters Austrian fought in, while Th omas Grischany demonstrates how well they fought. Ela Hornung looks at case studies of denunciation of fellow soldiers, while Barbara Stelzl-Marx analyzes Austrian soldiers who were active in resistance at the end of the war. Stefan Karner summarizes POW treatment on the Eastern front. Part two deals with the increasingly diffi cult life on the Austrian homefront. Fritz Keller takes a look at how Vienna survived growing food shortages. Ingrid Bhler takes a rare look at life in small-town Austria. Andrea Strutz analyzes narratives of Jewish refugees forced to leave for the United States. Peter Ruggenthaler and Philipp Lesiak examine the use of slave laborers. And Brigitte Kepplinger summarizes the Nazi euthanasia program.The third part deals with legacies of the war, particularly postwar restitution and memory issues. Based on new sources from Soviet archives, Nikita Petrov describes the Red Army liberation. Winfried Garscha analyzes postwar war crimes trials against Austrians. Brigitte Bailer-Galanda and Eva Blimlinger present a survey of postwar restitution of property. And Heidemarie Uhl deals with Austrian memories of the war.

Are more people being imprisoned throughout the world? Why is imprisonment still being used on a wide scale when an increasing number of alternatives are available? What are the major developments in prison law in the last decade? What problems arise in prison systems when states become constitutional democracies for the first time? Should prisons be privatized? How can prison conditions and prisoners' rights be improved? What special measures should there be for women, juveniles, violent offenders or drug addicts in prison? What programmes work effectively under which conditions? The second edition of "Imprisonment Today and Tomorrow" presents much fresh information in its attempts to provide answers to these and other crucial questions. It provides authoritative accounts by leading national experts on the place of imprisonment in 26 penal systems of major countries throughout the world. In addition, through the chapters on the work of the European Committee for the Prevention of Torture and Inhuman and Degrading Punishment, non-governmental organizations and the United Nations, it sheds new light on international initiatives to promote prison standards. These are complemented by a comparative survey of world prison populations and a final chapter in which the editors evaluate developments described in this volume and elsewhere in order to arrive at conclusions about international trends and to make well-grounded proposals for prison reform.