Victims As Security Threats

The refugee phenomenon is a major force in international politics. This is more so in sub-Saharan Africa where refugees are major actors in the affairs of their home and host countries. But, are refugees just victims of insecurity or also major causes of insecurity? Mogire analyses how and why refugees, victims of insecurity caused by persecution and the many incessant conflicts which continue unabated, have come to be viewed by scholars and practitioners as security threats. Using Kenya and Tanzania as empirical case studies, this volume examines the nature of this threat, its projection and responses. Moreover, it highlights how, if at all, these threats are different or similar to other security threats faced by these countries.

The refugee phenomenon is a major force in international politics. This is more so in sub-Saharan Africa where refugees are major actors in the affairs of their home and host countries. But, are refugees just victims of insecurity or also major causes of insecurity? Mogire analyses how and why refugees, victims of insecurity caused by persecution and the many incessant conflicts which continue unabated, have come to be viewed by scholars and practitioners as security threats. Using Kenya and Tanzania as empirical case studies, this volume examines the nature of this threat, its projection and responses. Moreover, it highlights how, if at all, these threats are different or similar to other security threats faced by these countries.

Despite Western society's preoccupation with safety and protection, its most vulnerable members still lack access to the level of security that many of us take for granted. In this trailblazing study, Laura Huey illustrates the issue of a 'security gap' faced by increasing homeless populations: while they are among the most likely victims of crime, they are also among the least served by existing forms of state and private security. Invisible Victims presents the first comprehensive, integrated study of the risks faced by homeless people and their attempts to find safety and security in often dangerous environments. Huey draws not only on current debates on security within criminology, but also on a decade's worth of her own field research on the victimization and policing of the homeless. A theoretically and empirically informed examination of the myriad issues affecting the homeless, Invisible Victims makes a compelling case for society to provide necessary services and, above all, a basic level of security for this population.

Security and Human Trafficking is a significant contribution to our holistic understanding of the interplay of human trafficking and national security. Elzbieta Gozdziak challenges the famous oratory on these issues by disentangling factual truths from populist rhetorics by focusing on rich empirical data collected in Hungary, Poland, and the United States. - Ludmila Bogdan, Ph.D., immigration and human trafficking scholar at Harvard University. In her book, Dr. Elzbieta Gozdziak brings her two decades of ethnographic expertise on human trafficking and international migration to powerfully critique of the conflation of human trafficking and migration with other kinds of national security threats such as terrorism and organized crime. She masterfully shows how the inaccurate framing of human trafficking as a security threat in the United States and Europe has led to costly and high stakes policy actions, such as enhanced border control, immigration, and surveillance measures, that can actually increase insecurity and lead to other kinds of negative economic, military, and diplomatic consequences. If we really care about solving the problem of human trafficking, Gozdziak's call to open up and interrogate policy framings and demand better empirical data to justify those framings will lead to better policy solutions and outcomes to combat human trafficking on the ground. Security and Human Trafficking is a must-read for students, experts, and practitioners interested in the nexus of human trafficking, migration, and national security. -Kathleen M. Vogel, Ph.D, Professor and Deputy Director, School for the Future of Innovation in Society, Tempe, Arizona. Vogel is co-author of Human Trafficking Trends in the Western Hemisphere. This book challenges the popular rhetoric linking 'war on terror' with 'war on human trafficking' by juxtaposing lived experiences of survivors of trafficking, refugees, and labor migrants with macro-level security concerns. Part One of the book presents the historical antecedents and contemporary manifestations of human trafficking and its links to national security. Part Two focuses on the Other-refugees and asylum seekers-perceived as a national security threat. Goździak spotlights the US refugee resettlement program-its history, slow erosion, and the current danger of possible elimination-and argues that a robust refugee resettlement is not a threat but an asset to the national security. Using examples from Hungary and Poland, the following chapter shows how human trafficking has replaced migration in public narratives, policy responses, and practice with refugees. Part Three analyzes lived experiences of (in)security of trafficked victims, irregular migrants, and asylum seekers in the USA and in Europe, with a special focus on unaccompanied children and adolescents. The concluding chapter asks how security concerns stemming from human trafficking can be reconciled with the need to protect victims. Elżbieta M. Goździak is Visiting Professor at Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań. Previously, she was Research Professor at the Institute for the Study of International Migration (ISIM) at Georgetown University. She held the George Soros Visiting Chair in Public Policy at the Central European University (CEU) in Budapest.

This book on computer security threats explores the computer security threats and includes a broad set of solutions to defend the computer systems from these threats. The book is triggered by the understanding that digitalization and growing dependence on the Internet poses an increased risk of computer security threats in the modern world. The chapters discuss different research frontiers in computer security with algorithms and implementation details for use in the real world. Researchers and practitioners in areas such as statistics, pattern recognition, machine learning, artificial intelligence, deep learning, data mining, data analytics and visualization are contributing to the field of computer security. The intended audience of this book will mainly consist of researchers, research students, practitioners, data analysts, and business professionals who seek information on computer security threats and its defensive measures.

The Oklahoma City bombing, intentional crashing of airliners on September 11, 2001, and anthrax attacks in the fall of 2001 have made Americans acutely aware of the impacts of terrorism. These events and continued threats of terrorism have raised questions about the impact on the psychological health of the nation and how well the public health infrastructure is able to meet the psychological needs that will likely result. Preparing for the Psychological Consequences of Terrorism highlights some of the critical issues in responding to the psychological needs that result from terrorism and provides possible options for intervention. The committee offers an example for a public health strategy that may serve as a base from which plans to prevent and respond to the psychological consequences of a variety of terrorism events can be formulated. The report includes recommendations for the training and education of service providers, ensuring appropriate guidelines for the protection of service providers, and developing public health surveillance for preevent, event, and postevent factors related to psychological consequences.

It Starts with You. We are on the verge of a critical movement in this country, one where each individual will start to recognize how easy it is to make a difference in the security of our country. This collective consciousness will change the face of national security. This is why it is important to understand that YOU, as well as every other US citizen, can make a difference. Very few Americans are aware of the fact that 12 million violent crimes are committed per year in the United States, with an estimated one fifth of the population falling victim to these crimes. Aside from that, it is well-known that the threat of terrorism is always prevalent, allusive and in many cases, "invisible." We have domestic threats from criminals, as well as foreign threats from terrorists. But how can an individual citizen make a real difference in the protection of America? It can be done and it is easier than you think.Liberty and security do not compete in a zero-sum game. Our freedoms are the very foundation of our strength and security. But the very definition of security usually requires a few questions that need to be answered before security measures are put in place. Who or what are we trying to protect? Who or what are we trying to protect it from? It stands to reason that, in light of the recent shootings, bombings and other acts of violence, we have a lot more to protect than just ourselves. We have families, neighborhoods, communities, businesses and the nation that all need our attention. That's why it is so important for us to rededicate efforts to our personal and national security to ensure that what transpires in the course of our daily lives is protected. There exist various types of safety. There is personal safety and there is community safety, the latter of which falls under local, state and national security. To begin with personal safety, experts for decades have long studied what makes an individual more likely to be the target of any given crime. As for national security, those aims and targets are more difficult to see, but can also be deterred with the same awareness. I want to help you understand one main foundation of personal and community safety, which exists in all of us. It's that innate feeling we have when we know something isn't right in a situation or an environment. It is the hair that stands up on our neck when we know that danger is imminent. I call this our "sixth sense," which is the ability to intrinsically perceive possible threats without consciously knowing where that threat is coming from. Think about it. How many of us have the ability to naturally sense when something feels "off," yet these feelings are often dismissed or mocked? Humans are the only animals who sense danger, yet walk right into it. Rather than offend the person who has triggered our fear instinct, we usually choose being polite over being safe. For example, we might politely enter an elevator with a person who, for some unknown reason, has triggered our fear instinct rather than risk appearing rude and waiting for the next elevator.What people do not know is that there is now solid scientific evidence that their "sixth sense" can save their life. "Instinct Science" is a rapidly emerging branch of research that studies the connection between subtle feelings and impending danger. Consider that even the U.S. Navy includes the word "6th sense" in their combat training briefs, citing that some soldiers use it to feel danger before an enemy attack. This may sound contrary to your conditioned beliefs of practicality and polite well-being, but how many times have you heard crime victims report having a "gut instinct" or warning prior to the actual incident. The subsequent ignoring of these "gut instincts" was followed with a crime that could have otherwise been avoided or minimized had these "gut instincts" or warnings been heeded and respected as possible truths.