Women Entrepreneurship In The Indian Middle Class

'Entrepreneurship can result from necessity as well as opportunity, and women entrepreneurs pursue goals beyond economic gains.' 'There is no gender differential in drivers of business expansion. The small scale of business does not inhibit women-owned micro enterprises from expanding.' In Women Entrepreneurship in the Indian Middle Class, Unni, Yadav, Naik and Dutta explore entrepreneurship using a gender and class lens from multidisciplinary perspectives. They examine the evolution of the field and uncover factors impacting women's participation in entrepreneurship. Defining entrepreneurship broadly to include not just 'new economic activity' but operations of all economic enterprises, the authors attempt to understand: What motivates women in India to operate enterprises ranging from small and medium to large enterprises?

In Indian context.

The study of entrepreneurship, in spite of its origins in the 19th century, has been rather limited. The study of women entrepreneurs, in particular, is of a relatively recent origin. It was probably felt that the contributions of women entrepreneurs to the economy were not significant enough to warrant independent study. With the entry of women into the economic world, thing have charged. The boundaries that hitherto sharply defined the gender roles have lost their significance to some extent; the time has come to try and determine gender-based differences, if any, in the entire process of entrepreneurship and small business development. In India, the study of women's enterprise has long straddled the two perspectives of entrepreneurship and women's integration into the mainstream economic activity. Participation of Indian women in direct economic activity is a relatively recent phenomenon, except in the cases of the rural and the urban poor. Entrepreneurship and small business are attractive and practicable for both men and women. Entrepreneurship is additionally attractive to women, as it enhances their self-esteem and personal freedom, while offering the opportunity to balance family life and work. However, in the context of their traditional socialisation, they have to resolve many personal and social issues before becoming entrepreneurs. This book is an attempt to define the demographic profile of the typical middle-income urban woman entrepreneurs. It examines the issue of priority of their business. There is a dearth of details in entrepreneurship literature with regard to the managerial/marketing activities and orientations and the impact of enterprise training. It is all the more so in the context of Indian women entrepreneurs. Apart from the exploration of the women entrepreneurs' networks and their impact on the business, this book has tried to assess their contributions to Indian economy. More than anything else, the book has attempted to bring in a managerial rather than a sociological orientation to their efforts. It is hoped that book will be of great value to those who are interested in the study of specific segments of entrepreneurs.

The starting point for the book is the low economic activity of women in India, and hence, both governmental and NGO-based activities to raise the level of women’s participation to Indian economy, and through that, the increase in women’s economic and social independence. The book focuses on elementary and important issues of entrepreneurship and women in any economy. Prof. Anne Kovalainen School of Economics University of Turku, Finland The book focuses on three NGOs and their activities in enhancing and promoting women’s entrepreneurial activities in three different areas in India. The empirical material consists of interview materials as well as background data and reports, national level statistics and other figures that are used to describe the Indian situation in general, and specifically those conditions from where women’s entrepreneurial activities arise, such as gender equality and legislation frameworks. The book is very important, not only for the women’s entrepreneurship and economic activity but for the Indian society at large. Prof. Paola Villa Department of Economics University of Trento, Italy This book is a product of extensive and intensive research. The book aptly highlights and proves the importance of NGOs in promoting women entrepreneurship. Given the rigors of research methodology, the book will also serve as a model for future research on the related dimensions of women entrepreneurship. Prof. Italo Trevisan Department of Economics and Management University of Trento, Italy Women’s empowerment in India remains a daunting task for governmental and non-governmental organizations alike. Given the importance of economic empowerment of women, this study provides an overview of the entrepreneurship as a means to economic empowerment of Indian women. Dr. Suman Sharma Officer on Special Duty(OSD) Dayal Singh College (Evening) University of Delhi

Any strategy aimed at economic development will be lop-sided without involving women who constitute half of the world population. Evidence has unequivocally established that entrepreneurial spirit is not a male prerogative. Women entrepreneurship has gain

This unique edited collection explores the ways in which entrepreneurship acts to shape self-identity for Indian women and validate their identities in a patriarchal society. Differing from existing literature which focuses on the antecedents of entrepreneurship for women and their performing outcomes, Indian Women as Entrepreneurs questions whether entrepreneurship is simply about exploiting a business opportunity for profitability. Asserting that both work and societal environments have an impact on an entrepreneur’s self-identity, this book demonstrates ways in which self-concept influences the entrepreneur’s relationship with their work in terms of motivation, effort and performance. Building on Unveiling Women’s Leadership, this book provides an original and important contribution to the literature on entrepreneurial Indian women.