Advances In Membrane Biochemistry And Bioenergetics

This book is formulated from the papers presented at the International Symposium on "Membrane Biochemistry and Bioenergetics," held at the Rensselaerville Institute, Rensselaerville, New York, August 1986, in honor of Tsoo E. King on the occasion of the 30th anniversary of reconstitution of arespiratory chain system by Professor David Keilin and Tsoo E. King. Professor Tsoo E. King, to whom this volume is dedicated, has made enormous contributions to the field of isolation and reconstitution of membrane proteins and has continued to explore the frontiers of bioener getics. In particular, his persistent proposals on the existence of ubiquinone binding proteins from conceptualization to experimentation eventually convinced many scientists to study these proteins further . Professor King's preparation of reconstitutively active succinate dehydrogenase opened a new avenue in the fie1d of membrane bioenergetics, and his work has been greatly appreciated. The purpose of the symposium was to bring together scientists from diverse disciplines related to membrane bioenergetics to discuss the recent developments in the field. This symposium, initiated by the Capital District Bioenergetics Group, was attended by 100 scientists, 80 of whom presented their recent discoveries. The symposium was arranged in a sequence of platform lectures, poster presentations and discussion sessions so that all the participants had opportunities to discuss the subjects presented. Most of the participants contributed a chapter to this volume. We would like to express our regret to many other scientists including Professor King's friends, colleagues and students who could not attend due to various reasons.

This manual collects in the form of laboratory protocols a series of experiments in the field of Membrane Transport and Membrane Bioenergetics. It represents the experience accumulated during four advanced courses held at the Depart ment of Biochemistry of the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology on behalf of Federation of European Biochemical Societies (FEBS) in the years 1975 through 1978. The idea of collecting the experiments into a laboratory manual developed as a response to a demand from the students who took part in the courses. Further motivation came with the fmding that, in planning the laboratory sessions, the teaching staff had no organized, modern source of information in the literature. The experiments presented cover most areas of importance in the subject mat ter. Their presentation has been continuously modified in the course of the four years during which the manual took shape, to accommodate to experience and various suggestions. In their present form, all of the experiments described have been repeatedly practiced to optimize their execution. Efforts have been made to combine in the manual classical experiments, and techniques which require relatively unsophisticated instrumentation and can therefore be carried out in most laboratories, with more modern experiments and relatively newer technol ogies. In its present form, the manual should therefore provide a usefui tool in the hands of researchers and laboratory teachers at different levels of sophisti cation and instrumentation.

Energy Transduction in Biological Membranes was primarily designed for graduate courses in bioenergetics. Not only does it discuss basic principles and concepts central to modern membrane biochemistry, biophysics and molecular biology, but also (1) the components and pathways for electron transport and hydrogen ion translocation, and (2) the utilization of electrochemical ion gradients. The book is unique in presenting a comparative treatment of respiratory and photosynthetic energy transduction, and in using protein sequence data coupled with physical concepts to discuss the mechanisms of energy transducing proteins.

A NATO Advanced Study Institute on "New Developments and Methods in Membrane Research and Biological Energy Transduction" was held in order to consider some of the most recent developments in membrane research methodologies and results, with particular emphasis on studies of biological energy transduction. The partic ipants in the Institute dealt with three general areas of membrane study: membrane structure (with emphasis on lipid and protein components), membrane component assembly (with particular emphasis on mitochondria and chloroplasts), and the specialized functions of certain membrane systems. This last area included discussions of topics such as drug transformation, the role of membrane electron transport in the generation of oxygen radicals, the effect of oxygen radicals on cellular homeostasis and on the structure, organization and function of the acetylcholine receptor. Lectures and posters were concerned with two central questions: what is the function of membrane structure in energy transduction and how can energy trans duction be effectively measured and assessed? This text presents the content of the major lectures and important posters presented during the Institute's program. In issuing this book, the editor hopes to convey the proceedings of the Institute to a larger audi ence and to offer a comprehensive account of those developments in membrane research that were considered on the Island of Spetsai between August 16 and August 29, 1984. L. Packer Berkeley, California February 1985 v CONTENTS I. STRUCTURE AND BIOGENSIS Membrane Structure: Neutron Diffraction and Small Angle Scattering Studies •••••••••• 1 G.

In the first edition of The Enzymes of Biological Membranes, published in four volumes in 1976, we collected the mass of widely scattered information on membrane-linked enzymes and metabolic processes up to about 1975. This was a period of transition from the romantic phase of membrane biochemistry, preoccupied with conceptual developments and the general properties of membranes, to an era of mounting interest in the specific properties of membrane-linked enzymes analyzed from the viewpoints of modem enzymology. The level of sophistication in various areas of membrane research varied widely; the structures of cytochrome c and cytochrome b were known s to atomic detail, while the majority of membrane-linked enzymes had not even been isolated. In the intervening eight years our knowledge of membrane-linked enzymes ex panded beyond the wildest expectations. The purpose of the second edition of The Enzymes of Biological Membranes is to record these developments. The first volume describes the physical and chemical techniques used in the analysis of the structure and dynamics of biological membranes. In the second volume the enzymes and met abolic systems that participate in the biosynthesis of cell and membrane components are discussed. The third and fourth volumes review recent developments in active transport, oxidative phosphorylation, and photosynthesis.

Membrane bioenergetics is one of the most rapidly growing areas within physico-chemical biology. Main aspects treated in this book include energy conservation and utilization by membrane-linked molecular mechanisms such as intracellular respiration, photosynthesis, transport phenomena, rotation of bacterial flagella, and the regulation of heat production.

Revised and updated to include the many developments that have taken place in bioenergetics, this text covers the structures of key membrane proteins involved in bioenergetics and mitochondrial physiology.

Current Topics in Bioenergetics, Volume 13 presents the biophysical and biochemical approaches that are valuable in some systems and that may be readily be applied to others. This book discusses the function and structure relationship of energy-transducing membranes that has played an essential role in the progress and development in the field of bioenergetics. Organized into six chapters, this volume begins with an overview of the bioenergetics processes that require a molecular description of the structure and reaction mechanisms of the individual energy-transducing catalysts. This text then provides an understanding to the methodology for initiation of an electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) investigation in this field of research. This book discusses as well the developments in spin label EPR techniques. The final chapter deals with immunological techniques that are used for studying the biochemistry and molecular biology of membrane proteins. This book is a valuable resource for physiologists, biologists, and biochemists.