Circulatory Response To The Upright Posture

This is the only up-to-date systematic review of normal human response to upright posture and lower body negative pressure (LBNP). It analyzes the key factors that influence postural tolerance, such as physical fitness, weightlessness, age, and sex. It also provides extensive details on the circulatory changes that have occurred during U.S. and Soviet manned space flights. The text is brilliantly illustrated with diagrams, tables, and comments on circulatory methods. Readers will discover some information which has never before been published. This one-of-a-kind volume also reviews the diagnosis and treatment of orthostatic hypotension-an extremely common orthostatic disorder. Circulatory Response to the Upright Posture is the first available literature since 1982 of human physiological and pathophysiological aspects of postural tolerance. A wide variety of readers will find this title interesting and of value. Circulatory physiologists, cardiologists, and everyone with an interest in exercise physiology, aging, space physiology, and environmental physiology will especially benefit from this writing.

This extensively revised second edition traces the development of the basic concepts in cardiovascular physiology in light of the accumulated experimental and clinical evidence. It considers the early embryonic circulation, where blood circulation suggests the existence of a motive force, tightly coupled to the metabolic demands of the tissues. It proposes that rather than being an organ of propulsion, the heart, serves as an organ of control, generating pressure by rhythmically impeding blood flow. New and expanded chapters cover the arterial pulse, circulation in the upright posture, microcirculation and functional heart morphology. Heart and Circulation offers a new perspective for deeper understanding of the human cardiovascular system. It is therefore a thought-provoking resource for cardiologists, cardiac surgeons and trainees interested in models of human circulation.

Electrical Disease of the Heart, 2nd Edition, volume 2, covers the diagnostic and treatment options available in the management of electrical diseases and with its companion volume provides the latest developments in the field of experimental and clinical cardiac electrophysiology, genetics, pharmacology and interventional therapies of various clinical arrhythmogenic entities. This book is highly relevant to a broad audience, ranging from medical and graduate students, to clinicians and scientists.

This new analysis of reflex and hormonal control of the human cardiovascular system developed from questions raised in Human Circulation: During Physical Stress (Rowell, 1986) and from recent findings. The goal is to help students, physiologists and clinicians understand the control of pressure, vascular volume, and blood flow by examining the cardiovascular system during orthostasis and exercise, two stresses that most affect these variables. A discussion of the passive physical properties of the vascular system provides a basis for explaining how vascular control is modified by mechanical, neural, and humoral factors. Interactive effects of the vasculature on cardiac performance are emphasized; they reveal the importance of autonomic control, supplemented by muscle pumping, in maintaining adequate ventricular filling pressure. The author's detailed analysis of how total oxygen consumption is restricted focuses on limitations in cardiac pumping ability, oxygen diffusion from lungs to blood and from blood to active muscle, oxidative metabolism and neural control of organ blood flow. An unsolved mystery is the nature of the signals that govern the cardiovascular responses to exercise. This is discussed in a new and critical synthesis of ideas and evidence concerning the "error signals" that are sensed and then corrected by activation of the autonomic nervous system during exercise.

Although it is widely recognized that there are significant variations in the circulation throughout the 24-hour day, these patterns have often been conceived as nuisance variables rather than functional differences. Responses of the circulation are examined here not as stable phenomena, but as integrated functions highly sensitive to environmental conditions, and driven by internal and external pacesetters. In this volume, cardiologists with a primary interest in hypertension or heart disease, chronobiologists, and psychologists join together for the first time to give the reader the opportunity to learn the extent and clinical significance of these changes from a chronobiological, behavioral and physiological perspective.

Examines anxiety from both biological and behavioural points of view and combines three areas of anxiety - cognitive developments, psychophysiological developments and health development - normally examined independently.

This textbook covers the fundamental principles of cardiovascular imaging modalities and their applications for the diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases. The main focus is on the comprehensive diagnosis of clinical conditions/disease entities through the most effective cardiovascular imaging test or combination. The authors discuss the clinical utility and relative value of each test to address specific clinical questions, based on evidence and expert opinion. Each chapter presents information in the following format: overview, discussion of pathophysiology; differential diagnosis/diagnostic evaluation; prognosis; therapeutic guidance with illustration of treatment pathway. A companion Website will offer the full text, ten multiple-choice questions for each chapter, still and cine images, and imaging clips.