Computer For Competitive Exams Fundamental Of Computer With Mcqs

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The Book Computer Fundamentals Multiple Choice Questions (MCQ Quiz) with Answers PDF Download (Class 7-12 CS PDF Book): MCQ Questions Chapter 1-16 & Practice Tests with Answer Key (Grade 7-12 Computer Textbook MCQs, Notes & Question Bank) includes revision guide for problem solving with hundreds of solved MCQs. Computer Fundamentals MCQ with Answers PDF book covers basic concepts, analytical and practical assessment tests. "Computer Fundamentals MCQ" Book PDF helps to practice test questions from exam prep notes. The eBook Computer Fundamentals MCQs with Answers PDF includes revision guide with verbal, quantitative, and analytical past papers, solved MCQs. 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Grade 7-12 Computer Fundamentals Practice Tests Chapter 1-16 eBook covers problem solving exam tests from computer science textbook and practical eBook chapter wise as: Chapter 1: Applications of Computers: Commercial Applications MCQ Chapter 2: Central Processing Unit and Execution of Programs MCQ Chapter 3: Communications Hardware: Terminals and Interfaces MCQ Chapter 4: Computer Software MCQ Chapter 5: Data Preparation and Input MCQ Chapter 6: Digital Logic Design MCQ Chapter 7: File Systems MCQ Chapter 8: Information Processing MCQ Chapter 9: Input Errors and Program Testing MCQ Chapter 10: Introduction to Computer Hardware MCQ Chapter 11: Jobs in Computing MCQ Chapter 12: Processing Systems MCQ Chapter 13: Programming Languages and Style MCQ Chapter 14: Representation of Data MCQ Chapter 15: Storage Devices and Media MCQ Chapter 16: Using Computers to Solve Problems MCQ The e-Book Applications of Computers: Commercial Applications MCQs PDF, chapter 1 practice test to solve MCQ questions: Stock control software. The e-Book Central Processing Unit and Execution of Programs MCQs PDF, chapter 2 practice test to solve MCQ questions: Fetch execute cycle, programs and machines, computer registers, typical instruction format, and set. The e-Book Communications Hardware: Terminals and Interfaces MCQs PDF, chapter 3 practice test to solve MCQ questions: Communication, user interfaces, remote and local, and visual display terminals. The e-Book Computer Software MCQs PDF, chapter 4 practice test to solve MCQ questions: Applications, system programs, applications programs, operating systems, program libraries, software evaluation, and usage. The e-Book Data Preparation and Input MCQs PDF, chapter 5 practice test to solve MCQ questions: Input devices, bar codes, document readers, input at terminals and microcomputers, tags and magnetic stripes, computer plotters, types of computer printers, and use of keyboards. The e-Book Digital Logic Design MCQs PDF, chapter 6 practice test to solve MCQ questions: Logic gates, logic circuits, and truth tables. The e-Book File Systems MCQs PDF, chapter 7 practice test to solve MCQ questions: File usage, file storage and handling of files, sorting files, master and transaction files, updating files, computer architecture, computer organization and access, databases and data banks, searching, merging, and sorting. The e-Book Information Processing MCQs PDF, chapter 8 practice test to solve MCQ questions: Processing of data, data processing cycle, data and information, data collection and input, encoding, and decoding. The e-Book Input Errors and Program Testing MCQs PDF, chapter 9 practice test to solve MCQ questions: Program errors, detection of program errors, error correction, and integrity of input data. The e-Book Introduction to Computer Hardware MCQs PDF, chapter 10 practice test to solve MCQ questions: Peripheral devices, digital computers, microprocessors, and microcomputers. The e-Book Jobs in Computing MCQs PDF, chapter 11 practice test to solve MCQ questions: Computer programmer, data processing manager, and software programmer. The e-Book Processing Systems MCQs PDF, chapter 12 practice test to solve MCQ questions: Batch processing in computers, real time image processing, multi access network, and multi access system. The e-Book Programming Languages and Style MCQs PDF, chapter 13 practice test to solve MCQ questions: Introduction to high level languages, programs and program languages, program style and layout, control statements, control statements in basic and Comal language, data types and structural programming, structures, input output, low level programming, subroutines, procedures, and functions. The e-Book Representation of Data MCQs PDF, chapter 14 practice test to solve MCQ questions: Binary representation of characters, data accuracy, binary representation of numbers, methods of storing integers, octal and hexadecimal, positive and negative integers, representation of fractions in binary, two states, and characters. The e-Book Storage Devices and Media MCQs PDF, chapter 15 practice test to solve MCQ questions: Backing stores, backup storage in computers, main memory storage, storage devices, and types of storage. The e-Book Using Computers to Solve Problems MCQs PDF, chapter 16 practice test to solve MCQ questions: Steps in problem solving, steps in systems analysis and design, computer systems, program design and implementation, program documentation.

Our 2000+ Computer Fundamentals Success Master Questions and Answers focuses on all areas of Computer Fundamentals subject covering 110+ topics in Computer Fundamentals. These topics are chosen from a collection of most authoritative and best reference books on Computer Fundamentals. One should spend 1 hour daily for 15 days to learn and assimilate Computer Fundamentals comprehensively. This way of systematic learning will prepare anyone easily towards Computer Fundamentals interviews, online tests, Examinations and Certifications. Highlights  2000+ Basic and Hard Core High level Multiple Choice Questions & Answers in Computer Fundamentals with Explanations.  Prepare anyone easily towards Computer Fundamentals interviews, online tests, Government Examinations and certifications.  Every MCQ set focuses on a specific topic in Computer Fundamentals.  Specially designed for IBPS IT, SBI IT, RRB IT, GATE CSE, UGC NET CS, PROGRAMMER, RSCIT and other IT & Computer Science related Exams. Who should Practice these Computer Fundamentals Questions?  Anyone wishing to sharpen their skills on Computer Fundamentals.  Anyone preparing for aptitude test in Computer Fundamentals.  Anyone preparing for interviews (campus/off-campus interviews, walk-in interviews)  Anyone preparing for entrance examinations and other competitive examinations.  All – Experienced, Freshers and Students.

5000 MCQ: Computer Science & IT for GATE/PSUs and other exams The first Edition of Computer Science and Information Technology Contains nearly 5000 MCQs which focuses in-depth understanding of subjects at basic and Advanced level which has been segregated topic wise to disseminate all kind of exposure to Students in terms of quick learning and deep preparation. The topic-wise segregation has been done to Align with contemporary competitive examination Pattern. Attempt has been made to bring out all kind of probable competitive questions for the aspirants preparing for GATE, PSUs and other exams. The content of this book ensures threshold Level of learning and wide range of practice questions which is very much essential to boost the exam time confidence level and ultimately to succeed in all prestigious engineer’s examinations. It has been ensured to have broad coverage of Subjects at chapter level. While preparing this book utmost care has been taken to cover all the chapters and variety of concepts which may be asked in the exams. The solutions and answers provided are upto the closest possible accuracy. The full efforts have been made by our team to provide error free solutions and explanations. 5000 MCQ: Computer Science & IT for GATE/PSUs and other exams Index 1. THEORY of COMPUTATION 2. Computer Organization Architecture 3. DATA STRUCTURES and ALGORITHMS 4. C++ Programming 5. COMPUTER NETWORKS 6. OPERATING SYSTEMS 7. SOFTWARE ENGINEERING 8. WEB TECHNOLOGIES 9. COMPUTER FUNDAMENTAL 10. MS WORD 11. MS ACCESS 12. MS POWERPOINT 13. MS EXCEL 14. HTML and WEB PAGE DESIGNING 15. DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (DBMS) 16. COMPUTER GRAPHICS 17. C PROGRAMMING 18. COMPILER DESIGN 19. DATA MINING 20. UNIX 21. Compiler Design 22. Internet #computerengineering #5000MCQs #CSMCQBook #GATE #PSUs #IT #computersciencemcq

The Book Computer Science Multiple Choice Questions (MCQ Quiz) with Answers PDF Download (Class 7-12 CS PDF Book): MCQ Questions Chapter 1-18 & Practice Tests with Answer Key (Grade 7-12 Computer Textbook MCQs, Notes & Question Bank) includes revision guide for problem solving with hundreds of solved MCQs. Computer Science MCQ with Answers PDF book covers basic concepts, analytical and practical assessment tests. "Computer Science MCQ" Book PDF helps to practice test questions from exam prep notes. The eBook Computer Science MCQs with Answers PDF includes revision guide with verbal, quantitative, and analytical past papers, solved MCQs. Computer Science Multiple Choice Questions and Answers (MCQs) PDF Download, an eBook covers solved quiz questions and answers on chapters: Application software, applications of computers, basics of information technology, computer architecture, computer networks, data communication, data protection and copyrights, data storage, displaying and printing data, interacting with computer, internet fundamentals, internet technology, introduction to computer systems, operating systems, processing data, spreadsheet programs, windows operating system, word processing tests for college and university revision guide. Computer Science Quiz Questions and Answers PDF Download, free eBook’s sample covers beginner's solved questions, textbook's study notes to practice online tests. The Book Class 7-12 Computer Basics MCQs Chapter 1-18 PDF includes CS question papers to review practice tests for exams. 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Grade 7-12 Computer Science Practice Tests Chapter 1-18 eBook covers problem solving exam tests from computer science textbook and practical eBook chapter wise as: Chapter 1: Application Software MCQ Chapter 2: Applications of Computers MCQ Chapter 3: Basics of Information Technology MCQ Chapter 4: Computer Architecture MCQ Chapter 5: Computer Networks MCQ Chapter 6: Data Communication MCQ Chapter 7: Data Protection and Copyrights MCQ Chapter 8: Data Storage MCQ Chapter 9: Displaying and Printing Data MCQ Chapter 10: Interacting with Computer MCQ Chapter 11: Internet Fundamentals MCQ Chapter 12: Internet Technology MCQ Chapter 13: Introduction to Computer Systems MCQ Chapter 14: Operating Systems MCQ Chapter 15: Processing Data MCQ Chapter 16: Spreadsheet Programs MCQ Chapter 17: Windows Operating System MCQ Chapter 18: Word Processing MCQ The e-Book Application Software MCQs PDF, chapter 1 practice test to solve MCQ questions: Application software, presentation basics, presentation programs, presentation slides, word processing elements, and word processing programs. The e-Book Applications of Computers MCQs PDF, chapter 2 practice test to solve MCQ questions: Computer applications, and uses of computers. The e-Book Basics of Information Technology MCQs PDF, chapter 3 practice test to solve MCQ questions: Introduction to information technology, IT revolution, cathode ray tube, character recognition devices, computer memory, computer mouse, computer plotters, computer printers, computer system software, memory devices, information system development, information types, input devices of computer, microphone, output devices, PC hardware and software, random access memory ram, read and write operations, Read Only Memory (ROM), Sequential Access Memory (SAM), static and dynamic memory devices, system software, video camera, and scanner. The e-Book Computer Architecture MCQs PDF, chapter 4 practice test to solve MCQ questions: Introduction to computer architecture, errors in architectures, arithmetic logic unit, bus networks, bus topology, central processing unit, computer languages, input output unit, main memory, memory instructions, motherboard, peripherals devices, Random Access Memory (RAM), Read Only Memory (ROM), and types of registers in computer. The e-Book Computer Networks MCQs PDF, chapter 5 practice test to solve MCQ questions: Introduction to computer networks, LAN and WAN networks, network and internet protocols, network needs, network topologies, bus topology, ring topology, star topology, dedicated server network, ISO and OSI models, networking software, and peer to peer network. The e-Book Data Communication MCQs PDF, chapter 6 practice test to solve MCQ questions: Introduction to data communication, data communication media, asynchronous and synchronous transmission, communication speed, modulation in networking, and transmission modes. The e-Book Data Protection and Copyrights MCQs PDF, chapter 7 practice test to solve MCQ questions: Computer viruses, viruses, anti-virus issues, data backup, data security, hackers, software and copyright laws, video camera, and scanner. The e-Book Data Storage MCQs PDF, chapter 8 practice test to solve MCQ questions: Measuring of data, storage device types, storage devices basics, measuring and improving drive performance, and storage devices files. The e-Book Displaying and Printing Data MCQs PDF, chapter 9 practice test to solve MCQ questions: Computer printing, computer monitor, data projector, and monitor pixels. The e-Book Interacting with Computer MCQs PDF, chapter 10 practice test to solve MCQ questions: Computer hardware, computer keyboard, audiovisual input devices, optical character recognition devices, optical input devices, and optical input devices examples. The e-Book Internet Fundamentals MCQs PDF, chapter 11 practice test to solve MCQ questions: Introduction to internet, internet protocols, internet addresses, network of networks, computer basics, e-mail, and World Wide Web (WWW). The e-Book Internet Technology MCQs PDF, chapter 12 practice test to solve MCQ questions: History of internet, internet programs, network and internet protocols, network of networks, File Transfer Protocol (FTP), online services, searching web, sponsored versus non-sponsored links, using a metasearch engine, using Boolean operators in your searches, using e-mail, web based e-mail services, and World Wide Web (WWW). The e-Book Introduction to Computer Systems MCQs PDF, chapter 13 practice test to solve MCQ questions: Parts of computer system, computer data, computer for individual users, computer hardware, computer software and human life, computers and uses, computers in society, desktop computer, handheld pcs, mainframe computers, minicomputers, network servers, noteBook computers, smart phones, storage devices and functions, supercomputers, tablet PCs, and workstations. The e-Book Operating Systems MCQs PDF, chapter 14 practice test to solve MCQ questions: Operating system basics, operating system processes, operating system structure, Linux operating system, operating system errors, backup utilities, different types of windows, Disk Operating System (DOS), DOS commands, DOS history, user interface commands, user interface concepts, user interfaces, and windows XP. The e-Book Processing Data MCQs PDF, chapter 15 practice test to solve MCQ questions: Microcomputer processor, microcomputer processor types, binary coded decimal, computer buses, computer memory, hexadecimal number system, machine cycle, number systems, octal number system, standard computer ports, text codes, and types of registers in computer. The e-Book Spreadsheet Programs MCQs PDF, chapter 16 practice test to solve MCQ questions: Spreadsheet programs basics, spreadsheet program cells, spreadsheet program functions, and spreadsheet program wizards. The e-Book Windows Operating System MCQs PDF, chapter 17 practice test to solve MCQ questions: Windows operating system, features of windows, window desktop basics, window desktop elements, window desktop types. The e-Book Word Processing MCQs PDF, chapter 18 practice test to solve MCQ questions: Word processing basics, word processing commands, word processing fonts, and word processing menu.

Master the basics of computer fundamentals with precision using this comprehensive MCQ mastery guide. Tailored for students, beginners, and enthusiasts, this resource offers a curated selection of practice questions covering key concepts, components, and operations in computer fundamentals. Delve deep into computer architecture, software, hardware, and networking while enhancing your problem-solving skills. Whether you're preparing for exams or seeking to reinforce your practical knowledge, this guide equips you with the tools needed to excel. Build a solid foundation in computer fundamentals and embark on your journey in the world of computing with confidence using this indispensable resource.

This book is designed for Computer Science students taking their GATE, GRE and other competitive examinations, e.g. examinations for Public Sector Undertakings and placement examinations for software firms. It can also act as a powerful self-evaluation tool for the students of Computer Science and Engineering, MCA, B.Sc.(Computer Science), BCA and PGDCA. Updated With: Inclusion of a new chapter on Oracle covering SQL, PL/SQL, SQL*Plus, Reports and Forms. Expanded coverage of Principles of Programming Languages, Mathematical Foundation of Computer Science, Operating Systems and Data Structures. Over 280 new exercises and updated problems. A hundred more explanations to exercise-answers. Key Features: Over 1950 Multiple-Choice Questions to fully arm the student for competitive exminations. Includes answers to all questions. Provides a brief explanation for 620 choosen tricky questions. Includes questions from previous years' papers of the GATE examination, GRE's subject test in Computer Science and questions from the screening tests conducted by organisations for placement. Question paper of GATE 2005 included.

Unlock the mysteries of computing with "Computing Foundations Unveiled," the ultimate MCQ guide meticulously designed for computer enthusiasts, students, and anyone eager to explore the fundamentals of computer science. This comprehensive resource covers a diverse range of topics in Fundamentals of Computer, providing extensive Multiple-Choice Questions (MCQs), detailed explanations, practical scenarios, and essential strategies to ensure your mastery of essential computing concepts. ?? Key Features: Diverse MCQ Bank: Immerse yourself in a vast collection of MCQs covering essential Fundamentals of Computer topics. From hardware and software basics to programming concepts and data structures, "Computing Foundations Unveiled" ensures comprehensive coverage, allowing you to build a solid understanding of the core principles of computing. Thematic Organization: Navigate through the multifaceted world of computing with a thematic approach. 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Download your digital copy today and embark on a journey of foundational mastery in computer science and technology. 1 Introduction to Computers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1.1 Computer Systems and Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1.2 Computer Generations and Classification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 1.3 Computer Performance and Reliability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 1.4 Computer Networks and the Internet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 1.5 Definition and Classification of Computers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86 1.6 Characteristics of Computers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101 1.7 Components of a Computer System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106 1.8 Computer Architecture and Organization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108 2 Computer Architecture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119 2.1 CPU Architecture and Organization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119 2.2 Memory Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122 2.3 Input/Output Devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141 2.4 Secondary Storage Devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184 3 Data Representation and Number Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215 3.1 Binary, Octal, Decimal, and Hexadecimal Number Systems . . . . . . 215 3.2 Two?s Complement and Floating Point Representation . . . . . . . . . . 219 3.3 ASCII and Unicode Character Encoding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 222 4 Computer Hardware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225 4.1 Input Devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225 4.2 Output Devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249 4.3 Processing Devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 272 4.4 Storage Devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 273 4.5 Computer Memory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 303 4.6 Motherboards and Expansion Cards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 324 5 Computer Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 345 5.1 Types of Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 345 5.2 Operating Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 364 5.3 Utility Programs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 435 5.4 System Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 440 5.5 Application Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 506 5.6 Programming Languages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 536 6 Computer Networks and Communications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 585 6.1 Network Topologies and Protocols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 585 6.2 LAN, WAN, and the Internet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 607 6.3 Network Security and Cybersecurity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 618 6.4 Wireless Communication Technologies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 735 6.5 Types of Networks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 746 6.6 Network Topologies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 762 6.7 Network Protocols and Standards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 793 6.8 Network Devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 806 6.9 Internet and Web Technologies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 829 7 Input/Output and Storage Devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 865 7.1 Storage Devices: Hard Disk, SSD, and Flash Memory . . . . . . . . . . . 865 8 Computer Peripherals and Interfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 903 8.1 Peripheral Devices: Scanner, Camera, and Microphone . . . . . . . . . . 903 8.2 Interface Standards: USB, HDMI, and Thunderbolt . . . . . . . . . . . . . 909 8.3 Expansion Slots and Cards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 914 9 Computer Applications and Uses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 915 9.1 Scientific and Engineering Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 915 10 Computer Ethics and Security . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 923 10.1 Types of Threats and Attacks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 923 10.2 Security Measures and Techniques . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 966 10.3 Cryptography and Encryption . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 967 10.4 Firewalls and Antivirus Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1011 10.5 Ethics in Computing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1018 10.6 Intellectual Property Rights and Privacy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1100 10.7 Computer Viruses, Malware, and Hacking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1122 11 Emerging Trends in Computing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1129 11.1 Cloud Computing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1129 11.2 Internet of Things (IoT) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1204 11.3 Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1230 11.4 Quantum Computing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1262 11.5 Virtual and Augmented Reality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1266 12 Computer Peripherals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1291 12.1 Printers and Scanners . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1291 12.2 Digital Cameras and Camcorders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1304 12.3 Audio and Video Devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1307 12.4 Mobile Devices and Smartphones . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1313 13 Computer Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1325 13.1 O?ice Automation Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1325 13.2 Graphics and Multimedia Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1331 13.3 Database Management Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1345 13.4 Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1392 13.5 E-commerce and E-business Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1403 14 Computer History and Evolution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1441 14.1 Early Computing Devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1441 14.2 Development of Computers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1443 14.3 Evolution of Computer Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1502 14.4 Future Trends in Computing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1508 15 Computer Ethics and Professionalism . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1511 15.1 Ethical and Social Issues in Computing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1511