Ecocritical Theory

One of the more frequently lodged, serious, and justifiable complaints about ecocritical work is that it is insufficiently theorized. Ecocritical Theory puts such claims decisively to rest by offering readers a comprehensive collection of sophisticated but accessible essays that productively investigate the relationship between European theory and ecocritique. With its international roster of contributors and subjects, it also militates against the parochialism of ecocritics who work within the limited canon of the American West. Bringing together approaches and orientations based on the work of European philosophers and cultural theorists, this volume is designed to open new pathways for ecocritical theory and practice in the twenty-first century.

Passing glories and romantic retrievals: avant-garde nostalgia and hedonist renewal / Kate Soper -- Green things in the garbage: ecocritical gleaning in Walter Benjamin's arcades / Catriona Sandilands -- Raymond Williams: materialism and ecocriticism / Martin Ryle -- Sense of place and lieu de mémoire: a cultural memory approach to environmental texts / Axel Goodbody -- From literary anthropology to cultural ecology: German ecocritical theory since Wolfgang Iser / Timo Müller -- The social theory of Norbert Elias and the question of the nonhuman world / Linda Williams -- From the modern to the ecological: Latour on Walden pond / Laura Dassow Walls -- Martin Heidegger, D.H. Lawrence, and poetic attention to being / Trevor Norris -- Merleau-Ponty's ecophenomenology / Louise Westling -- Gernot Böhme's ecological aesthetics of atmosphere / Kate Rigby -- Dialoguing with Bakhtin over our ethical responsibility to anothers / Patrick D. Murphy -- Coexistence and coexistents: ecology without a world / Timothy Morton -- The matter of texts: a material intertextuality and ecocritical engagements with the Bible / Anne Elvey -- There can be no democracy without a culture of difference / Luce Irigaray -- The ecological Irigaray? / Christopher Cohoon -- Cybernetics and social systems theory / Hannes Bergthaller -- Ecocentric postmodern theory: interrelations between ecological, quantum, and postmodern theories / Serpil Oppermann -- Affinity studies and open systems: a non-equilibrium, ecocritical reading of Goethe's Faust / Heather I. Sullivan -- Blake, Deleuze, and the emergence of ecological consciousness / Mark Lussier -- The biosemiotic turn: Abduction, or, the nature of creative reason in nature and culture / Wendy Wheeler.

Ecocritical Approaches to Literature in French applies the methods of ecocritical inquiry to French literature. To date, there is very little ecocritical scholarship on French-language literature and, indeed, very little on any non-Anglophone literature. This collection was created with two audiences in mind: it introduces an ecocritical perspective for readers of French literature, and it familiarizes ecocritics with literature in French. This collection will be a useful resource to scholars of French and Francophone literature, and of ecocriticism.

Combining the latest scientific and philosophical understanding of humankind's place in the world with interpretative methods derived from other politically inflected literary criticism, ecocriticism is providing new insights into literary works both ancient and modern. With case-study analyses of the tragedies, comedies, histories and late romances, this book is a wide-ranging introduction to reading Shakespeare in the light of contemporary ecocritical theory.

Romantic Ecocriticism: Origins and Legacies is unique due to its rare assemblage of essays, which has not appeared within an edited collection before. Romantic Ecocriticism is distinct because the essays in the collection develop transnational and transhistorical approaches to the proto-ecological early environmental aspects in British and American Romanticism. First, the edition’s transnational approach is evident through transatlantic connections such as, but are not limited to, comparisons among the following writers: William Wordsworth, William Howitt, and Henry D. Thoreau; John Clare and Aldo Leopold; Charles Darwin and Ralph W. Emerson. Second, the transhistorical approach of RomanticEcocriticism is evident in connections among the following writers: William Wordsworth and Emily Bronte; Thomas Malthus and George Gordon Byron; James Hutton and Percy Shelley; Erasmus Darwin and Charlotte Smith; Gilbert White and Dorothy Wordsworth among others. Thus, Romantic Ecocriticism offers a dynamic collection of essays dedicated to links between scientists and literary figures interested in natural history.

After uncovering the oppressive dichotomies of male/female and nature/culture that underlie contemporary environmental problems, Feminist Ecocriticism focuses specifically on emancipatory strategies employed by ecofeminist literary critics as antidotes, asking what our lives might be like as those strategies become increasingly successful in overcoming oppression. Thus, ecofeminism is not limited to the critique of literature, but also helps identify and articulate liberatory ideals that can be actualized in the real world, in the process transforming everyday life. Providing an alternative to rugged individualism, for example, ecofeminist literature promotes a more fulfilling sense of interrelationship with both community and the land. In the process of exploring literature from ecofeminist perspectives, the book reveals strategies of emancipation that have already begun to give rise to more hopeful ecological narratives.

The vast majority of existing ecocritical studies, even those which espouse the “postcolonial ecocritical” perspective, operate within a first-world sensibility, speaking on behalf of subalternized human communities and degraded landscapes without actually eliciting the voices of the impacted communities. Ecocriticism of the Global South seeks to allow scholars from (or intimately familiar with) underrepresented regions to “write back” to the world’s centers of political and military and economic power, expressing views of the intersections of nature and culture from the perspective of developing countries. This approach highlights what activist and writer Vandana Shiva has described as the relationship between “ecology and the politics of survival,” showing both commonalities and local idiosyncrasies by juxtaposing such countries as China and Northern Ireland, New Zealand and Cameroon. Much like Ecoambiguity, Community, and Development, this new book is devoted to representing diverse and innovative ecocritical voices from throughout the world, particularly from developing nations. The two volumes complement each other by pointing out the need for further cultivation of the environmental humanities in regions of the world that are, essentially, the front line of the human struggle to invent sustainable and just civilizations on an imperiled planet.

A snapshot of ecocriticism in action, Coming into Contact collects sixteen previously unpublished essays that explore some of the most promising new directions in the study of literature and the environment. They look to previously unexamined or underexamined aspects of literature's relationship to the environment, including swamps, internment camps, Asian American environments, the urbanized Northeast, and lynching sites. The authors relate environmental discourse to practice, including the teaching of green design in composition classes, the restoration of damaged landscapes, the persuasive strategies of environmental activists, the practice of urban architecture, and the impact of human technologies on nature. The essays also put ecocriticism into greater contact with the natural sciences, including elements of evolutionary biology, biological taxonomy, and geology. Engaging both ecocritical theory and practice, these authors more closely align ecocriticism with the physical environment, with the wide range of texts and cultural practices that concern it, and with the growing scholarly conversation that surrounds this concern.