Green Carbon Materials

Agricultural and food industry waste materials have been an important feedstock for activated carbon production for many years. In the development of cleaner energy production and utilization processes, new advanced carbon materials with enhanced properties have been studied. Techniques to tailor pore structure and surface chemistry can produce better carbon materials for energy storage, electrode materials, and selective adsorption of pollutants. This book surveys available waste materials and processes for carbon production and then reviews the recent developments in the use of carbon materials for energy storage, as catalyst supports, and for environmental applications.

The production of low cost and environmentally friendly high performing carbon materials is crucial for a sustainable future. Sustainable Carbon Materials from Hydrothermal Processes describes a sustainable and alternative technique to produce carbon from biomass in water at low temperatures, a process known as Hydrothermal Carbonization (HTC). Sustainable Carbon Materials from Hydrothermal Processes presents an overview of this new and rapidly developing field, discussing various synthetic approaches, characterization of the final products, and modern fields of application for of sustainable carbon materials. Topics covered include: • Green carbon materials • Porous hydrothermal carbons • HTC for the production of valuable carbon hybrid materials • Functionalization of hydrothermal carbon materials • Characterization of HTC materials • Applications of HTC in modern nanotechnology: Energy storage, electrocatalysis in fuel cells, photocatalysis, gas storage, water purification, sensors, bioapplications • Environmental applications of HTC technology: Biochar production, carbon sequestration, and waste conversion • Scale-up in HTC Sustainable Carbon Materials from Hydrothermal Processes will serve as a comprehensive guide for students and newcomers in the field, as well as providing a valuable source of information for researchers and investors looking for alternative technologies to convert biomass into useful products.

The book is a comprehensive deep-dive into the developments and advancements of emerging carbon-based nanocomposites for wastewater applications. Science and technology development are tackling one of the world's most pressing concerns—water contamination and effective treatment. Carbon-based nanocomposites have emerged as one of the leading materials in this treatment push because of their properties and high ability for the catalytic degradation of contaminants from aqueous segments. The 10 chapters in this timely book cover the follows areas: Carbon-based nanocomposites for remediation of heavy metals and organic pollutants from wastewater Functional green carbon nanocomposites for heavy-metal treatment in water Green nanocomposites and applications in environmentally-friendly carbon nanomaterials Carbon-based nanocomposites as heterogeneous catalysts for organic reactions in environment-friendly solvents Carbon-based polymer nanocomposite applications Biochar-based adsorbents for the removal of organic pollutants from aqueous systems Carbon nanomaterial-based green nanocomposites The removal of trihalomethanes from water using nanofiltration membranes Nanocomposite materials as electrode materials in microbial fuel cells for the removal of water pollutants Plasmonic smart nanosensors for the determination of environmental pollutants.

Renewable Materials and Green Technology Products: Environmental and Safety Aspects looks at the design, manufacture, and use of efficient, effective, safe, and more environmentally benign chemical products and processes. It includes a broad range of application-based solutions to the development of renewable materials and green technology. The latest trends in the green synthesis and properties of CNs are presented in the first chapter of this book for generating social awareness about sustainable developments. The book goes on to highlight the naissance and progressive trail of microwave-assisted synthesis of metal oxide nanoparticles, for a clean and green technology tool. Chapters discuss green technological alternatives for the global abatement of air pollution, effective use and treatment of water and wastewater, renewable power generation from solar PV cells, carbon-based nanomaterials synthesized using green protocol for sustainable development, green technologies that help to achieve economic development without harming the environment, technical solutions to cut down the quantum of N losses, conventional processing techniques in developing the bionanocomposites as the biocatalyst, and more.

Porous carbon materials are at the heart of many applications, including renewable energy storage and generation, due to their superior physical properties and availability. The environmentally-friendly production of these materials is crucial for a sustainable future. This book focuses on the transformation of sustainable precursors into functional, porous carbonaceous materials via the two most significant approaches: Starbon® and Hydrothermal Carbonisation. Covering cutting-edge research and emerging areas, chapters cover applications of porous carbon materials in catalysis and separation science as well as in energy science. Moreover, the challenges of characterization of these materials and their commercialization are explained by worldwide experts. The content will be accessible and valuable to post-graduate students and senior researchers alike and it will serve as a significant reference for academics and industrialists working in the areas of materials science, catalysis and separation science.

Emerging Carbon Materials for Catalysis covers various carbon-based materials with a focus on their utility for catalysis. Each chapter examines the photo and electrocatalytic applications of a material, including hybrid systems composed of carbon materials. The range of chemical reactions that can be catalyzed with each material—as well as the potential drawbacks of each—are discussed. Covering nanostructured systems, as well as other microstructured materials, the book reviews emerging carbon-based structures, including carbon organic frameworks. Written by a global team of experts, this volume is ideal for graduate students and researchers working in organic chemistry, catalysis, nanochemistry, and nanomaterials. Introduces novel and emerging carbon materials with utility for photocatalysis and electrocatalysis Covers a wide range of photochemical and electrochemical processes that can be catalyzed by carbon-based catalysts Addresses the hybrid systems composed of carbon materials for catalysis Serves as an ideal reference for graduate students and researchers working in organic chemistry, catalysis, nanochemistry, and nanomaterials.

PROMISING NEW APPROACHES TO RECYCLE CARBON DIOXIDE AND REDUCEEMISSIONS With this book as their guide, readers will learn a variety ofnew approaches and methods to recycle and reuse carbon dioxide(CO2) in order to produce green fuels and chemicals and,at the same time, minimize CO2 emissions. The authorsdemonstrate how to convert CO2 into a broad range ofessential products by using alternative green energy sources, suchas solar, wind, and hydro-power as well as sustainable energysources. Readers will discover that CO2 can be a drivingforce for the sustainable future of both the chemical industry andthe energy and fuels industry. Green Carbon Dioxide features a team of expert authors,offering perspectives on the latest breakthroughs in CO2recycling from Asia, Europe, and North America. The book beginswith an introduction to the production of CO2-basedfuels and chemicals. Next, it covers such topics as: Transformation of CO2 to useable products throughfree-radical-induced reactions Hydrogenation of CO2 to liquid fuels Direct synthesis of organic carbonates from CO2 andalcohols using heterogeneous oxide catalysts Electrocatalytic reduction of CO2 in methanolmedium Fuel production from photocatalytic reduction of CO2with water using TiO2-based nanocomposites Use of CO2 in enhanced oil recovery and carboncapture and sequestration More than 1,000 references enable readers to explore individualtopics in greater depth. Green Carbon Dioxide offers engineers, chemists, andmanagers in the chemical and energy and fuel industries aremarkable new perspective, demonstrating how CO2 canplay a significant role in the development of a sustainableEarth.