Harvesting Development

An examination of the global-local tension evident in much work on development issues through the example of fresh food markets in Papua New Guinea

Harvesting Feminist Knowledge for Public Policy brings together 14 essays by feminist thinkers from different parts of the world, reflecting on the flaws in the current patterns of development and arguing for political, economic, and social changes to promote equality and sustainability. The contributors argue that the very approach being taken to understand and measure progress, and plan for and evaluate development, needs rethinking in ways that draw on the experiences and knowledge of women. All the essays, in diverse ways, offer proposals for alternative ideas to address the limitations and contradictions of currently dominant theories and practices in development, and move towards the creation of a socially just and egalitarian world.

Are you a grant maker, manager or evaluator who must assess your work to improve as well as be accountable for the use of resources and results? Does the project, program or organization you fund, manage or evaluate contend with substantial uncertainty about what to do and what will be the results? Do you thus experience constant change and unexpected and unforeseeable actors and factors in your intervention? Do you need to know what you are achieving and how in real time? And therefore, do you seek an alternative to conventional monitoring and evaluation of social change results? If yes, then you are the audience for this book. Beginning in 2002, working closely with co-evaluators and commissioners of evaluations, the author developed Outcome Harvesting to enable evaluators, grant makers, and managers to identify, formulate, verify, and make sense of changes that interventions have influenced in a broad range of cutting–edge innovation and development projects and programs around the world. Over these years, he led Outcome Harvesting evaluative exercises involving almost 500 non-governmental organizations, networks, government agencies, funding agencies, community-based organizations, research institutes and university programs. In over fifty evaluations, with forty co-evaluators he has harvested thousands of outcomes on six continents. Outcome Harvesting has proven useful in evaluations of a great diversity of initiatives: human rights advocacy, political, economic and environmental advocacy, arts and culture, health systems, information and communication technology, conflict and peace, water and sanitation, taxonomy for development, violence against women, rural development, organic agriculture, participatory democracy, waste management, public sector reform, good governance, eLearning, social accountability, and business competition, amongst others. In this book, the author explains the steps of Outcome Harvesting and how to customize them according to the nine underlying principles. He shares his experience and gives practical advice on how to work with Outcome Harvesting and remain true to its essential features.

The harvesting of energy from ambient energy sources to power electronic devices has been recognized as a promising solution to the issue of powering the ever-growing number of mobile devices around us. Key technologies in the rapidly growing field of energy harvesting focus on developing solutions to capture ambient energy surrounding the mobile devices and convert it into usable electrical energy for the purpose of recharging said devices. Achieving a sustainable network lifetime via battery-aware designs brings forth a new frontier for energy optimization techniques. These techniques had, in their early stages, resulted in the development of low-power hardware designs. Today, they have evolved into power-aware designs and even battery-aware designs. This book covers recent results in the field of rechargeable sensor networks, including technologies and protocol designs to enable harvesting energy from alternative energy sources such as vibrations, temperature variations, wind, solar, and biochemical energy and passive human power. Contents:Wind Energy Harvesting for Recharging Wireless Sensor Nodes: Brief Review and a Case Study (Yen Kheng Tan, Dibin Zhu and Steve Beeby)Rechargeable Sensor Networks with Magnetic Resonant Coupling (Liguang Xie, Yi Shi, Y Thomas Hou, Wenjing Lou, Hanif D Sherali and Huaibei Zhou)Cross-Layer Resource Allocation in Energy-Harvesting Sensor Networks (Zhoujia Mao, C Emre Koksal and Ness B Shroff)Energy-Harvesting Technique and Management for Wireless Sensor Networks (Jianhui Zhang and Xiangyang Li)Information Capacity of an AWGN Channel Powered by an Energy-Harvesting Source (R Rajesh, P K Deekshith and Vinod Sharma)Energy Harvesting in Wireless Sensor Networks (Nathalie Mitton and Riaan Wolhuter)Topology Control for Wireless Sensor Networks and Ad Hoc Networks (Sunil Jardosh)An Evolutionary Game Approach for Rechargeable Sensor Networks (Majed Haddad, Eitan Altman, Dieter Fiems and Julien Gaillard)Marine Sediment Energy Harvesting for Sustainable Underwater Sensor Networks (Baikun Li, Lei Wang and Jun-Hong Cui)Wireless Rechargeable Sensor Networks in the Smart Grid (Melike Erol-Kantarci and Hussein T Mouftah)Energy-Harvesting Methods for Medical Devices (Pedro Dinis Gaspar, Virginie Felizardo and Nuno M Garcia) Readership: Graduates, researchers, and professionals studying/dealing with networking, computer engineering, parallel computing, and electrical & electronic engineering. Keywords:Rechargeable Sensor;Energy Harvesting Technology;Renewable Sensor NetworksKey Features:This book provides comprehensive coverage from hardware design, protocol design, to applications. This book provides very recent results. And this book has prominent contributorsWith the increasing deterioration of global warming, energy harvesting technologies as a green source of energy are of great interest to research community. For wireless networks especially wireless sensor networks, the introduction of energy harvesting technologies can address the challenge of energy constraint and obtain perpetual network operation. Although there are lots of existing publications on energy harvesting, most of them are journal and conference papers, which concentrate on specific research problems and do not provide a comprehensive overview and prerequisite preliminaries to understand the energy harvesting technologies. To the best of our knowledge, there are only a few books which are concerned with energy harvesting technologies. One main drawback of these books are that they all elaborate on the hardware design of energy harvesting devices but neglect the impact of hardware design on the performance of overall networks which is also of great significance in practice. For example, the energy management subsystem should be designed to fulfill all the tasks without running out of energy, which is dependent on the available energy of each node and all the tasks of the whole networks. Hence, the algorithm and protocol optimization are as important as hardware design. But this was not elaborated in existing publications and motivates this book

This book focuses on elementary concepts of both radio frequency energy harvesting (RFEH) and wireless power transfer (WPT), and highlights their fundamental requirements followed by recent advancements. It provides a systematic overview of the key components required for RFEH and WPT applications and also comprehensively introduces the pioneering research advancements achieved to date. The state-of-the-art circuit design topologies for the two different applications are presented mainly in terms of antenna operating frequencies, polarization characteristics, efficient matching network circuits, rectifier topologies, and overall rectenna systems. The book serves as a single point of reference for practicing engineers and researchers searching for potential sources and elements involved in the RFEH system as well as in the WPT system, and need rapid training and design guidelines in the following areas: • Different sensing elements used in RFEH and WPT • Inclusions of mathematical expressions and design problems • Illustration of some design examples and performance enhancement techniques

This work addresses the global-local tension evident in much work on development issues, through the example of fresh food markets in Papua New Guinea. A key feature of the book is the author's interweaving of theoretical constructs with a detailed ethnography of marketing networks, at the rural village and the urban market-place, as well as in the spaces in between. It shows the rural community not as an isolated universe, but as consisting of dynamic linkages and networks which extend way beyond the locality. At the same time, local actors with their own agendas and interpretations of the meta-narrative of development are shown to be crucially important for shaping the outcome of the market integration process.

Dry areas suffer not only from limited rainfall but also ‘natural leakage’—90% of rainwater is lost directly or indirectly, and is unavailable for agriculture or domestic use. Water harvesting is a low-cost, easy-to-use, environmentally-friendly way to recover a large part of this lost water. How does water harvesting work? Which sites or areas are best suited and how can these areas be identified? How to design, build and maintain a water harvesting system tailored to local needs? How can water harvesting contribute to combating land degradation, enhancing food security and adapting to climate change? This book provides the answers. The book is based on many years of research, training and development by three of the world’s leading experts in water management and agriculture. It is authoritative, comprehensive, and easy to read, containing practical examples, many illustrations and little jargon. This volume will be of great interest to researchers, development workers, farmers, policymakers, students of the natural sciences—in fact, anyone interested in efficient, sustainable management of water resources and agriculture.

Exposition on Black youth, this study provides a careful analysis of their problems--personal, societal and institutional--