Kirat Limbu Culture Anthropological Investigation Into Phyang Samba Ethnicity

Human existence is believed to be incomplete without the enrichment of culture. Some individuals wholeheartedly immerse themselves in their cultural surroundings, while others observe from a distance. The ancient Kirat civilization of Nepal predates any religious texts we have. Unfortunately, their profound cultural wisdom has primarily faded, leading to a disheartening void in our understanding of ancient knowledge. The plight of the indigenous communities in the land nurtured by their toil and sacrifice is a cause for concern. Neglecting the valuable contributions of these indigenous communities in the name of progress leaves us incomplete. Through a thorough anthropological study of the Kirat Limbu community, we've arrived at factual and logical conclusions regarding the questions they've raised. This writer endeavors to share this information, driven purely by academic value and recognition. Recognizing his responsibility, this writer, in the later stages of life, has felt a sense of urgency in preserving the positivity of research. The book is published to document synthesized knowledge based on trustworthy information and data, thereby sharing it with readers. This book is expected to be a valuable resource for those seeking to understand the true essence of Nepali soil, to explore the rich Kirat civilization, its culture, and the intricate tapestry of ethnic issues—best of luck on this enlightening journey.

Tungdunge Mundhum is a cultural heritage of the Kirat Limbu community. It is an ancestral worship in the Kirat community, especially of the Samba clan. It can be called a mythology. This study aims to look scientifically at the knowledge, values ​​, and beliefs hidden within the civilization. In this book, there is a task to find the story in the historical background. Here, the narrative is analyzed based on evidence and theory. The description is brought to a logical conclusion on the theoretical ground of the socio-biological model. Tungdunge Mundhum, a cultural mythology, should not be limited to a tradition. Thus, an attempt has been made to understand it from an anthropological point of view through the study. A preliminary review of this research has been published as a booklet and article, which is found to be read with interest by the reader. This book is more detailed on mythology belonging to the Kirat-Sen-Samba clan. History and genealogy indicate that the history of the Samba clan evolved with the Kirat-Sen-Samba lineage. This Mundhum is also found to be supportive of the historical facts. The study concentrated on that evidence. This research work will be helpful to the researcher as it has been analyzed and synthesized by various evidences. It includes ethnographic base, genealogy, and different perspectives of Kirat Limbu communities.

A genealogy is an orderly list of males or fathers, sons or descendants. It has been discovered that genealogy evolves through biological kinship and socio-cultural adaption. As a result, genealogy is the study of a clan's origin, history, and behavior. This ethnic knowledge exposes their mythical and historical past and social and cultural development. A family tree is yet another name for a genealogy. However, I discovered a significant distinction between genealogy and family tree. I found an unequal situation to the evolution of a plant's stem and branches, as indicated in the clan family tree. There is also a Misal Bhai, Manas Putra, or adopted brother arrangement among the clan. Even when there is a majority of the hereditary or biological family, including an inclusive element is crucial in any surname, caste, or nation (Samba, Limbu, Rai, Kirat, etc.). So, there is confusion caused by the term "family tree." People often equate the beginning of their clan to a tree or a branch when they visualize it. It is currently thought that all children with the same last name share the same biological father. To clear up this misunderstanding, the term "genealogy" would seem more fitting than "family tree." However, I used both words throughout the book. The genealogy I have provided is more schematic nomenclature than objective details. According to history and genealogy, the Phyang family rose to prominence within the Samba family around 300 years ago. Similarly, it is believed that the Samba dynasty connected to Phyang emerged from the Sen Rai community circa 700 years ago. Sen's ascent can be traced back to the Kirat people thousands of years ago. That expression serves as a framework for understanding history. Today, we have credible data, evidence, or material about the history of Sen and Kirat. These evidence or documents are dispersed. However, the history and knowledge of the Samba community or the Phyang family have been restricted to a small family. Many of its facts have vanished. The process of determining the lineage of Samba Phyang has been completed here based on the remaining evidence and information. If viewed as a model, this genealogy's circumstances and content can be utilized in other community studies.

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Identifying African American religiosity as the ingenuity of a people constantly striving to inhabit their humanity and eke out a meaningful existence for themselves amid harrowing circumstances, Black Lives and Sacred Humanity constructs a concept of sacred humanity and grounds it in the writings of Anna Julia Cooper, W. E. B. Du Bois, and James Baldwin. Supported by current theories in science studies, critical theory, and religious naturalism, this concept, as Carol Wayne White demonstrates, offers a capacious view of humans as interconnected, social, value-laden organisms with the capacity to transform themselves and create nobler worlds wherein all sentient creatures flourish. Acknowledging the great harm wrought by divisive and problematic racial constructions in the United States, this book offers an alternative to theistic models of African American religiosity to inspire newer, conceptually compelling views of spirituality that address a classic, perennial religious question: What does it mean to be fully human and fully alive?

On history of Kiranti people in Nepal

An extensive examination of the underpinnings of the Shaivite Tradition • Reveals the influence of Shaivism on the Western world • Discusses Shaivism’s understanding of sacred sexuality • Presents the connections between Vedic poetry and metaphysics In Shiva and the Primordial Tradition, Alain Daniélou explores the relationship between Shaivism and the Western world. Shaivite philosophy does not oppose theology, cosmology, and science because it recognizes that their common aim is to seek to understand and explain the nature of the world. In the Western world, the idea of bridging the divide between science and religion is just beginning to touch the edges of mainstream thought. This rare collection of the late author’s writings contains several never-before-published articles and offers an in-depth look at the many facets of the Samkhya, the cosmologic doctrines of the Shaivite tradition. Daniélou provides important revelations on subjects such as the science of dreams, the role of poetry and sexuality in the sacred, the personality of the great Shankara, and the Shaivite influence on the Scythians and the Parthians (and by extension, the Hellenic world in general). Providing a convincing argument in favor of the polytheistic approach, he explains that monotheism is merely the deification of individualism--the separation of humanity from nature--and that by acknowledging the sacred in everything, we can recognize the imprint of the primordial tradition.

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