Metallic Nanocrystallites And Their Interaction With Microbial Systems

Although interactions between nanoparticles and microorganisms in the environment are unavoidable and commonplace, it is still not clear what potential effects they may have. Metallic Nanocrystallites and their Interface with Microbial Systems not only illustrates how microbes and these particular nanoparticles interact but also it describes the consequences of these interactions. This brief discusses the impact of gold, silver, zinc oxide, and cerium oxide nanoparticles on the growth and viability of both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacterium. Moreover, it analyses the relationship between bacterial growth inhibition, reactive oxygen species generation, the regulation of transcriptional stress genomes, and the toxicity of these materials. Finally, it reviews the specific metallic nanomaterials and highlights their modes of synthesis, reactivity at surfaces, and the importance of assay procedures in determining their toxicity levels. Various microscopy techniques used to determine their mechanisms of action are also presented. Metallic Nanocrystallites and their Interface with Microbial Systems will be a valuable source to the scientific and industrial community as well as to students and researchers in microbiology, biotechnology, nanotechnology, toxicology, materials science, biomedical engineering, cell and molecular biology.

Although interactions between nanoparticles and microorganisms in the environment are unavoidable and commonplace, it is still not clear what potential effects they may have. Metallic Nanocrystallites and their Interface with Microbial Systems not only illustrates how microbes and these particular nanoparticles interact but also it describes the consequences of these interactions. This brief discusses the impact of gold, silver, zinc oxide, and cerium oxide nanoparticles on the growth and viability of both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacterium. Moreover, it analyses the relationship between bacterial growth inhibition, reactive oxygen species generation, the regulation of transcriptional stress genomes, and the toxicity of these materials. Finally, it reviews the specific metallic nanomaterials and highlights their modes of synthesis, reactivity at surfaces, and the importance of assay procedures in determining their toxicity levels. Various microscopy techniques used to determine their mechanisms of action are also presented. Metallic Nanocrystallites and their Interface with Microbial Systems will be a valuable source to the scientific and industrial community as well as to students and researchers in microbiology, biotechnology, nanotechnology, toxicology, materials science, biomedical engineering, cell and molecular biology.

Following an introduction to biogenic metal nanoparticles, this book presents how they can be biosynthesized using bacteria, fungi and yeast, as well as their potential applications in biomedicine. It is shown that the synthesis of nanoparticles using microbes is eco-friendly and results in reproducible metal nanoparticles of well-defined sizes, shapes and structures. This biotechnological approach based on the process of biomineralization exploits the effectiveness and flexibility of biological systems. Chapters include practical protocols for microbial synthesis of nanoparticles and microbial screening methods for isolating a specific nanoparticle producer as well as reviews on process optimization, industrial scale production, biomolecule-nanoparticle interactions, magnetosomes, silver nanoparticles and their numerous applications in medicine, and the application of gold nanoparticles in developing sensitive biosensors.

Recent Advances in Aquaculture Microbial Technology emphasizes various topics on microbiology related technology for aquaculture development and discusses different types of microbiological applications, thus serving as an all-inclusive reference which consolidates microbial technologies adopted in the field. The book covers the history and development of microbial technology in aquaculture as well as aquaculture microbiology, diversity and the role of microbes in aquaculture systems. In addition, it presents the beneficial microbial communities in aquaculture and varying methods employed to study bacterial association in fish, microbes and fish diseases. This resource will help improve research experiments and accomplishments in the area of aqua-culturally relevant microbial technology, making it useful for researchers and scientists in the field. Describes the history and development of microbial technology in aquaculture Presents scientific methods employed to study bacterial association in fish Includes applications of microbial derived nanomaterials in disease prevention and treatment Provides information and the use of probiotics and prebiotics in aquaculture

This book is devoted to nanomicrobiology and the nanosystems of bacteria. The initial chapter discusses some of the controversies in the geochemical and biomedical fields associated with the reports of nanobacteria in the environment. Current knowledge of several internal and surface structures of bacteria is addressed in this book. Included are chapters discussing carboxysomes, S-layers, gliding motility of bacteria, and aggregation of iron to produce nano-magnetite. Information about the activities of outer membrane vesicles produced by Gram-negative bacteria is discussed as a benefit to bacteria that produce it and some potential industrial applications are presented. A broad review of bacterial-mineral interactions is addressed in a chapter of metallic nanoparticles and colloids production by bacterial reduction of soluble redox active elements. The structures of bacterial nanowires are discussed and their application in extra-cellular electron transport is reviewed. Nanomotor activities of bacteria are discussed as pertains to the mechanics of flagellar rotation, production of energy by ATP synthase, DNA packing, and translocation of proteins across membranes by secretion systems. The rapidly evolving field of nanosystem technology is embracing many areas, and it is the hope that this book will stimulate the use of bacterial nanostructures for future developments in nanotechnology.

Microbial Nanobionics: Volume 1, State of the Art, discusses a wide range of microbial systems and their utilization in biogenic synthesis of metallic nanoparticles. The rich biodiversity of microbes makes them excellent candidates for potential nanoparticle synthesis biofactories. Through a better understanding of the biochemical and molecular mechanisms of the microbial biosynthesis of metal nanoparticles, the rate of synthesis can be better developed and the monodispersity of the product can be enhanced. The characteristics of nanoparticles can be controlled via optimization of important parameters, such as temperature, pH, concentration and pressure, which regulate microbe growth conditions and cellular and enzymatic activities. Large scale microbial synthesis of nanoparticles is a sustainable method due to the non-hazardous, non-toxic and economical nature of these processes. The applications of microbial synthesis of nanoparticles are wide and varied, spanning the industrial, biomedical and environmental fields. Biomedical applications include improved and more targeted antimicrobials, biosensing, imaging and drug delivery. In the environmental fields, nanoparticles are used for bioremediation of diverse contaminants, water treatment, catalysis and production of clean energy. With the expected growth of microbial nanotechnology, this volume will serve as a comprehensive and timely reference.

Nanobiomaterials in Drug Delivery: Applications of Nanobiomaterials presents novel approaches regarding nanostructured drug delivery systems, revealing the most investigated materials for the development of particular nanobioshuttles. This book brings the results of current research to reach those who wish to use this knowledge in an applied setting, providing one coherent text, with focused chapters and easily accessible information. At its core, it is a collection of titles, bringing together many of the novel applications these materials have in biology, also discussing the advantages and disadvantages of each application and the perspectives of the technologies based on these findings. At the moment, there is no other comparable book series covering all the subjects approached in this set of titles. Provides up-to-date and well-structured reference material for students, researchers, and practitioners working in the biomedical, biotechnological, and engineering fields Presents a valuable guide to recent scientific progress, along with most known applications of nanomaterials in the biomedical area Proposes novel opportunities and ideas for developing or improving technologies in nanomedicine/nanobiology

Mycosynthesis of Nanomaterials: Perspectives and challenges focus on the use of diverse groups of fungi for the synthesis of inorganic (metal and metalloid) and organic nanoparticles. Such synthesis is eco-friendly, economically viable, and can be carried out at ambient temperature without the use of high temperature, pressure or toxic chemicals. It also describes different techniques used for the characterization of the nanoparticles and various hypotheses put forward to elucidate the mechanistic aspect of the synthesis by fungi. There is a worldwide representation of eminent contributors including the US, Europe, Canada, Russia, India, Korea, Egypt, Brazil, Mexico, Colombia, Iran, and Sri Lanka. The book is interdisciplinary and essential reading for academicians.