Microgrids And Methods Of Analysis

The increasing penetration of distributed energy resource (DER), distributed generation (DG) and energy storage system (ESS) units in distribution grids leads to the emergence of the concepts of active distribution networks (ADNs), microgrids, and virtual power plants. Nowadays, the use of electronically-coupled distributed energy resources is of great interest that can provide the power of demand side alone or in a small electricity grid. A microgrid is a small-scale power grid in low voltage network that must be able to locally solve energy issues and enhance the flexibility and can operate either in grid-connected or islanded/autonomous mode of operation. To study them, researchers need an appropriate set of methods, software tools, analogous to those exist for large interconnected power systems.The book Microgrids and Methods of Analysis addresses systematic analysis, control/protection systems design, and optimal operation of a distribution system under high penetration of DERs analogous to those that exist for large interconnected power systems. Provides professional guidlines for system planners Explores further research, development, and optimization of existing and new microgrids Addresses analytical methods used for microgrid analysis using advanced research

Microgrids Presents microgrid methodologies in modeling, stability, and control, supported by real-time simulations and experimental studies Microgrids: Dynamic Modeling, Stability and Control, provides comprehensive coverage of microgrid modeling, stability, and control, alongside new relevant perspectives and research outcomes, with vital information on several microgrid modeling methods, stability analysis methodologies and control synthesis approaches that are supported by real-time simulations and experimental studies for active learning in professionals and students alike. This book is divided into two parts: individual microgrids and interconnected microgrids. Both parts provide individual chapters on modeling, stability, and control, providing comprehensive information on the background, concepts, and architecture, supported by several examples and corresponding source codes/simulation files. Communication based control and cyber security of microgrids are addressed and new outcomes and advances in interconnected microgrids are discussed. Summarizing the outcome of more than 15 years of the authors’ teaching, research, and projects, Microgrids: Dynamic Modeling, Stability and Control covers specific sample topics such as: Microgrid dynamic modeling, covering microgrid components modeling, DC and AC microgrids modeling examples, reduced-order models, and model validation Microgrid stability analysis, covering stability analysis methods, islanded/grid connected/interconnected microgrid stability Microgrids control, covering hierarchical control structure, communication-based control, cyber-resilient control, advanced control theory applications, virtual inertia control and data-driven control Modeling, analysis of stability challenges, and emergency control of large-scale interconnected microgrids Synchronization stability of interconnected microgrids, covering control requirements of synchronous microgrids and inrush power analysis With comprehensive, complete, and accessible coverage of the subject, Microgrids: Dynamic Modeling, Stability and Control is the ideal reference for professionals (engineers, developers) and students working with power/smart grids, renewable energy, and power systems, to enable a more effective use of their microgrids or interconnected microgrids.

The book focuses on the transient modelling, stability analysis and control of power electronic systems, since these systems face severe safe operation problems the during transient period. It discusses both theoretical analysis and practical applications, highlighting the transient characteristics of converters with different control strategies, and proposes transient modelling and model reduction methods. Furthermore, it classifies the transient stability problems of the system to help the readers gain an understanding of the basic theoretical methods for analysing the power electronic system, at the same time providing sufficient detail to enable engineers to design such systems. Comprehensively describing theoretical analyses, ranging from system modelling and stability analysis to transient control, the book is a valuable resource for researchers, engineers and graduate students in fields of transient modelling, stability analysis and control of power electronic systems.

This book presents intuitive explanations of the principles of microgrids, including their structure and operation and their applications. It also discusses the latest research on microgrid control and protection technologies and the essentials of microgrids as well as enhanced communication systems. The book provides solutions to microgrid operation and planning issues using various methodologies including planning and modelling; AC and DC hybrid microgrids; energy storage systems in microgrids; and optimal microgrid operational planning. Written by specialists, it is filled in innovative solutions and research related to microgrid operation, making it a valuable resource for those interested in developing updated approaches in electric power analysis, design and operational strategies. Thanks to its in-depth explanations and clear, three-part structure, it is useful for electrical engineering students, researchers and technicians.

This book introduces several novel contributions into the current literature. Firstly, given that microgrid topologies are paramount in theoretical analysis, the author has proposed a rigorous method of computing the network’s admittance matrix and developed to facilitate the stability analysis of DC microgrids supplying nonlinear loads. This unique approach enabled the factorisation of the admittance matrix in a particular way that facilitates a rigorous theoretical analysis for deriving the stability conditions. Secondly, author has proposed a unified control structure at the primary control layer that maintains the widely accepted droop-based approaches and additionally ensures crucial current- and voltage-limiting properties, thus offering an inherent protection to distributed energy resources. He has formalised the control design proofs using Lyapunov methods and nonlinear ultimate boundedness theory, for both parallel and meshed microgrid configurations. Moreover, he has developed a distributed secondary controller using a diffusive coupling communication network, on top of the primary control, to achieve voltage restoration and improve the power sharing. In this way, the author has formulated the complete hierarchical control scheme. In this high-order nonlinear setting, he has analytically proven closed-loop system stability of the overall system, for the first time, using two-time scale approaches and singular perturbation theory, by formulating rigorous theorems that introduce straightforward conditions that guide the system and control design and demonstrate system stability at the desired equilibrium point. In addition, the author has provided a straightforward algorithm for simple testing of system stability and explored from a graphical perspective by giving an interpretation to the effect of the nonlinear load onto the system performance and stability.

Energy Management System (EMS) applications of modern power networks like microgrids have to respond to a number of stringent challenges due to current energy revolution. Optimal resource dispatch tasks must be handled with specific regard to the addition of new resource types and the adoption of novel modeling considerations. In addition, due to the comprehensive changes concerning the multi cell grid structure, new policies should be fulfilled via microgrids’ EMS. At the same time achieving a variety of conflicting goals in different microgrids requires a universal and a multi criteria optimization tool. In this work two dispatch-optimizers based on genetic algorithm and mixed integer linear programming for a centralized EMS are introduced which can schedule the unit commitment and economic dispatch of microgrid units. In the proposed methods, different network restrictions like voltages and equipment loadings and unit constraints have been considered.

Microgrids Understand microgrids and networked microgrid systems Microgrids are interconnected groups of energy sources that operate together, capable of connecting with a larger grid or operating independently as needed and network conditions require. They can be valuable sources of energy for geographically circumscribed areas with highly targeted energy needs, and for remote or rural areas where continuous connection with a larger grid is difficult. Microgrids’ controllability makes them especially effective at incorporating renewable energy sources. Microgrids: Theory and Practice introduces readers to the analysis, design, and operation of microgrids and larger networked systems that integrate them. It brings to bear both cutting-edge research into microgrid technology and years of industry experience in designing and operating microgrids. Its discussions of core subjects such as microgrid modeling, control, and optimization make it an essential short treatment, valuable for both academic and industrial study. Readers will acquire the skills needed to address existing problems and meet new ones as this crucial area of power engineering develops. Microgrids: Theory and Practice also features: Incorporation of new cyber-physical system technologies for enabling microgrids as resiliency resources Theoretical treatment of a wide range of subjects including smart programmable microgrids, distributed and asynchronous optimization for microgrid dispatch, and AI-assisted microgrid protection Practical discussion of real-time microgrids simulations, hybrid microgrid design, transition to renewable microgrid networks, and more Microgrids: Theory and Practice is ideal as a textbook for graduate and advanced undergraduate courses in power engineering programs, and a valuable reference for power industry professionals looking to address the challenges posed by microgrids in their work.

The management of global warming is a relevant issue throughout the world and has experts of various fields considering various methods to control Earth’s atmospheric temperature. While microgrid technology is emerging as the next generation energy supply system, renewable energy is often unstable and requires the support of conventional energy equipment. Optimum Design of Renewable Energy Systems: Microgrid and Nature Grid Methods investigates the development of highly efficient energy storage equipment and of operation optimization technology of compound energy systems. This book is an essential reference source for technical consultants, urban environment engineers, and energy researchers interested in the development of efficient energy systems and operation optimization technology.