Photoelectron Spectroscopy

An up-to-date introduction to the field, treating in depth the electronic structures of atoms, molecules, solids and surfaces, together with brief descriptions of inverse photoemission, spin-polarized photoemission and photoelectron diffraction. Experimental aspects are considered throughout and the results carefully interpreted by theory. A wealth of measured data is presented in tabullar for easy use by experimentalists.

Photoelectron Spectroscopy presents an up-to-date introduction to the field by comprehensively treating the electronic structures of atoms, molecules, solids, and surfaces. Brief descriptions are given of inverse photoemission, spin-polarized photoemission and photoelectron diffraction. Experimental aspects are considered throughout the book and the results are carefully interpreted in terms of the theory. A wealth of measured data is presented in tabulator form for easy use by experimentalists.

Photoemission spectroscopy is one of the most extensively used methods to study the electronic structure of atoms, molecules, and solids and their surfaces. This volume introduces and surveys the field at highest energy and momentum resolutions allowing for a new range of applications, in particular for studies of high temperature superconductors.

To anyone who is interested in surface chemical analysis of materials on the nanometer scale, this book is prepared to give appropriate information. Based on typical application examples in materials science, a concise approach to all aspects of quantitative analysis of surfaces and thin films with AES and XPS is provided. Starting from basic principles which are step by step developed into practically useful equations, extensive guidance is given to graduate students as well as to experienced researchers. Key chapters are those on quantitative surface analysis and on quantitative depth profiling, including recent developments in topics such as surface excitation parameter and backscattering correction factor. Basic relations are derived for emission and excitation angle dependencies in the analysis of bulk material and of fractional nano-layer structures, and for both smooth and rough surfaces. It is shown how to optimize the analytical strategy, signal-to-noise ratio, certainty and detection limit. Worked examples for quantification of alloys and of layer structures in practical cases (e.g. contamination, evaporation, segregation and oxidation) are used to critically review different approaches to quantification with respect to average matrix correction factors and matrix relative sensitivity factors. State-of-the-art issues in quantitative, destructive and non-destructive depth profiling are discussed with emphasis on sputter depth profiling and on angle resolved XPS and AES. Taking into account preferential sputtering and electron backscattering corrections, an introduction to the mixing-roughness-information depth (MRI) model and its extensions is presented.

Photoelectron Spectroscopy: An Introduction to Ultraviolet Photoelectronspectroscopy in the Gas Phase, Second Edition Photoelectron Spectroscopy: An Introduction to Ultraviolet PhotoelectronSpectroscopy in the Gas Phase, Second Edition aims to give practical approach on the subject of photoelectron spectroscopy, as well as provide knowledge on the interpretation of the photoelectron spectrum. The book covers topics such as the principles and literature of photoelectron microscopy; the main features and analysis of photoelectron spectra; ionization techniques; and energies from the photoelectron spectra. Also covered in the book are topics suc as photoelectron band structure and the applications of photoelectron spectroscopy in chemistry. The text is recommended for students and practitioners of chemistry who would like to be familiarized with the concepts of photoelectron spectroscopy and its importance in the field.

This book introduces readers interested in the field of X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) to the practical concepts in this field. The book first introduces the reader to the language and concepts used in this field and then demonstrates how these concepts are applied. Including how the spectra are produced, factors that can influence the spectra (all initial and final state effects are discussed), how to derive speciation, volume analysed and how one controls this (includes depth profiling), and quantification along with background substraction and curve fitting methodologies. This is presented in a concise yet comprehensive manner and each section is prepared such that they can be read independently of each other, and all equations are presented using the most commonly used units. Greater emphasis has been placed on spectral understanding/interpretation. For completeness sake, a description of commonly used instrumentation is also presented. Finally, some complementary surface analytical techniques and associated concepts are reviewed for comparative purposes in stand-alone appendix sections.

Photoabsorption, Photoionization, and Photoelectron Spectroscopy explores photoabsorption processes involving individual, isolated molecules in the wavelength or photon energy range from the ionization thresholds of molecules (usually in the vacuum ultraviolet region) through the soft and hard X-ray region and beyond the ""K edge."" The interaction between electromagnetic radiation and isolated molecules based on photoabsorption, photoionization, and photoelectron spectroscopy studies is described, along with the techniques for measurement of total and partial cross sections. This book is comprised of eight chapters and examines the decomposition of molecules and molecular ions as well as mildly excited (valence shell excitation) and highly excited (inner shell excitation) molecules. After providing a general theoretical background, it discusses certain classes of atoms and molecules and considers electromagnetic interactions with gases. The following chapters focus on photoabsorption below the first ionization limit; quasi-discrete states above the first ionization potential; and the ionization continuum. Total photoabsorption and photoionization cross sections for selected molecules are also considered, and the angular distribution of photoelectrons is analyzed. The various measurement techniques are described in the last chapter. This monograph will be of interest to radiation chemists, radiation physicists, photochemists, mass spectrometrists, and perhaps radiation biologists.

Modern ESCA: The Principles and Practice of X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy is a unique text/reference that focuses on the branch of electron spectroscopy generally labeled as either Electron Spectroscopy for Chemical Analysis (ESCA) or X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS). The book emphasizes the use of core level and valence band binding energies, their shifts, and line widths. It describes the background, present status, and possible future uses of a number of recently developed branches of ESCA, including: