Rapport Sur Le D Veloppement Humain 2016

Inégalités de développement humain constituent une entrave à la réalisation du Programme de développement durable à l’horizon 2030. Elles ne se résument pas à des écarts de revenus et de richesses, et l’on ne peut en rendre compte au moyen de simples indicateurs synthétiques unidimensionnels. Elles détermineront aussi les perspectives de ceux et celles qui seront peut-être encore vivants au XXIIe siècle. Le Rapport étudie les inégalités de développement humain en allant au-delà des revenus, des moyennes et du temps présent. Il s’interroge sur les formes d’inégalités qui comptent et leurs moteurs, reconnaissant que les inégalités pernicieuses sont généralement mieux perçues comme un symptôme de problèmes d’une plus grande ampleur dans une société ou une économie. Il cherche également à déterminer quelles politiques sont susceptibles de s’attaquer à ces moteurs – des politiques qui peuvent aider les pays à faire avancer leur économie tout en améliorant le développement humain et en réduisant les inégalités.

The OECD's Development Assistance Committee (DAC) conducts periodic reviews of the individual development co-operation efforts of DAC members. The policies and programmes of each DAC member are critically examined approximately once every five years. DAC peer reviews assess the performance of a ...

The focus of this book is on the key water-related vulnerabilities to climate change in Africa, particularly in its most vulnerable areas, exploring potential management responses to such vulnerabilities. The African countries are particularly exposed and vulnerable to the negative impacts of climate change, with important impacts on water resources and hydrological systems, water availability, water resource management and sea level variations. Already, under various anthropogenic pressures, the status of water resources in Africa has been changing over the past decades, with decreasing water quality, falling groundwater levels, and variability in rainfall, both in terms of timing and intensity. Climate change will further accelerate the rate of change, affecting the ability of people and societies to respond in a timely manner. It is clear that there is no quick fix to the pressures imposed on water resources by climate change. Increasing the resilience of ecosystems and communities to extreme events such as flooding and drought, and integrating climate change risks and opportunities into development decision-making is indeed a key challenge, as much a technical climate-change one, as a political and developmental challenge. The book, in this regard, intends to contribute to the debate around climate change in relation to water resources management in Africa, and in particular inform policy decisions and actions that will improve governments’ and communities’ ability to manage the challenges of climate change and variability in relation to the aquatic ecosystems that they depend on. The knowledge collected in this book will benefit policy makers, researchers, as well as other stakeholders.

This handbook explores the evolution of African education in historical perspectives as well as the development within its three systems–Indigenous, Islamic, and Western education models—and how African societies have maintained and changed their approaches to education within and across these systems. African education continues to find itself at once preserving its knowledge, while integrating Islamic and Western aspects in order to compete within this global reality. Contributors take up issues and themes of the positioning, resistance, accommodation, and transformations of indigenous education in relationship to the introduction of Islamic and later Western education. Issues and themes raised acknowledge the contemporary development and positioning of indigenous education within African societies and provide understanding of how indigenous education works within individual societies and national frameworks as an essential part of African contemporary society.

Le Rapport sur les drogues dans le monde 2016, qui donne un aperçu des principaux développements sur les marchés de la drogue, des itinéraires de trafic et des effets de l'usage de drogue sur la santé, préconise l'adoption d'approches globales, équilibrées et intégrées fondées sur les droits. Le rapport de cette année donne un aperçu de l’impact général des drogues sur la santé et le bien-être des individus, mais aussi des personnes qui les entourent - familles et communautés. Cela peut inclure des conséquences néfastes telles que l’infection à VIH, ainsi que des menaces de violence, particulièrement répandues chez les femmes et les enfants. Il aborde les questions de genre, de marginalisation, de stigmatisation, de violence et de droits de l'homme, en examinant comment les stratégies de lutte contre la drogue peuvent répondre aux préoccupations environnementales telles que la déforestation et la pollution. Il examine l'utilisation du "réseau obscur" et des nouvelles technologies pour s'engager dans le trafic de drogue, ainsi que l'utilisation qui peut être faite des profits illicites tirés de ce trafic pour financer le terrorisme et l'extrémisme violent. Ce rapport, ainsi que toute l'expertise et l'expérience de terrain acquises par l'Agence face aux nombreux aspects du problème mondial de la drogue, est à la disposition des États Membres pour les aider à répondre à cet appel à l'action.

The INFORMED programme, implemented by FAO from 2015 to 2019, was designed to contribute to “increasing the resilience of livelihoods to threats and crises and contributing to the reduction of food insecurity and malnutrition”. The programme’s increased focused on Early Warning for Early Action (EWEA) was very relevant to fill existing gaps with a comparative advantage for FAO in slow onset and food chain crises contexts. Promoting the use of pre-agreed plans and pre-identified anticipatory actions, the project effectively improved risk analysis and decision making, including through the Global Report on Food Crises, and increased access to appropriate financing instruments, while the EWEA country toolkit initial positive spinoffs remain to be built on.Efforts to support resilience measurement and analyses by applying the resilience index measurement and analysis (RIMA) methodology are relevant given the significant investments in resilience programming and the continuing methodological gaps. However, although RIMA provides a basis for creating evidence on resilience investments, and FAO has been an important pioneer in resilience measurement, a wider system supporting resilience analysis is needed, based on a range of methodologies, responding to the information needs of decision-makers. Also, RIMA baseline lacks sufficient detail to allow articulating the feasibility of possible response options and have a practical impact on planning decisions; it has not demonstrated its added value over pre-existing food security, nutrition and risk indicators to help target interventions, and is not well adapted as an impact evaluation tool.Assessing INFORMED results against its intention to support knowledge production and sharing, to promote the replication of good practices and circular learning, the evaluation questioned the choice of creating a new knowledge management platform versus adopting a collaborative approach building on similar initiatives’ strengths. Poor strategic choices represented a fundamental constraint to reach intended objectives, such as, an insufficient understanding of users explaining the difficulty to trace the uptake and use of knowledge products. Nevertheless, the evaluation recognized the progressive investments in knowledge management and sizeable accomplishments of a relatively small team.The evaluation suggests strengthening capacities for the production and dissemination of forecast, scenario-based early warning as a basis for early action; developing a corporate strategy for partnering to strengthen early warning system capacities at various levels; promoting the use of a toolkit of approaches and investing in a knowledge management function dedicated to capturing and disseminating lessons on the effectiveness of EWEA and resilience interventions.

This book discusses the unique relationship between societies and businesses in the Mediterranean region, with contributions from public figures and academics from Middle Eastern and Arab societies, as well as from North America and Europe. This blend of expertise and knowledge focuses on common business practices and their effect on society in Mediterranean countries, and aims to create a bridge between the two. Considering the cultural, social, political, legal and economic impacts and variety, Business and Society in the Middle East is a contemporary and authentic view of how local and traditional aspects of society dictate diversity and homogeneity within businesses.