Technological Advances In Improved And Alternative Sources Of Lipids

Lipids are very important both as components of human nutrition and in applications such as the chemical, cosmetics and food industries. At present the world oil supply depends on conventional sources and changes in the political and economical map of the world may mean consumer demand will surpass supplies. In developed nations consumer preferences due to nutrition and health factors have also created a need to produce new types of oil. Many nations lack the power to purchase fats ,and oil due to shortages in hard currency. These nations have a vast number of plants that can be developed and used in extracting oil for home use and for sale as cash crops. Also, a vast amount of waste from food processing, such as tomatoes, peaches, plums and grapes, can be utilized to extract valuable amounts of usable oil. Biotechnology, genetic engineering, enzyme tech nologies and new processes are all being utilized in lipids research to develop new and modified types of oil for different applications; such developments include the high oleic acid, sunflower and rapeseed oils. The development of cocoa butter substitute is another example. This highly practical book reviews the methods of improving oil charac teristics from existing sources, and the technology and economics of developing under-utilized sources. It is written for lipid chemists, chemical engineers, food technologists, cosmetologists and nutritionists. Graduate and undergraduate students will find value in the data. B.S.K.

Diet and Health examines the many complex issues concerning diet and its role in increasing or decreasing the risk of chronic disease. It proposes dietary recommendations for reducing the risk of the major diseases and causes of death today: atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (including heart attack and stroke), cancer, high blood pressure, obesity, osteoporosis, diabetes mellitus, liver disease, and dental caries.

Until recently fats and oils have been in surplus, and considered a relatively low value byproduct. Only recently have energy uses of fats and oils begun to be economically viable. Food value of fats and oils is still far above the energy value of fats and oils. Industrial and technical value of fats and oils is still above the energy value of fats and oils. Animal feeds value of fats and oils tends to remain below the energy value of fats and oils. With development of new technology oils and fats industry has undergone a number of changes and challenges that have prompted the development of new technologies, and processing techniques. Oils and fats constitute one of the major classes of food products. In fact oils and fats are almost omnipresent in food processing – whether naturally occurring in foods or added as ingredients for functional benefits and, despite the impression given by several sources to the contrary; they remain an essential part of the human diet. However, it is increasingly apparent that both the quantity and the quality of the fat consumed are vital to achieve a balanced diet. They are essential constituents of all forms of plant and animal life. Oils and fats occur naturally in many of our foods, such as dairy products, meats, poultry, and vegetable oil seeds. India is the biggest supplier of greater variety of vegetable oil and still the resources are abundant. The applications of oils are also seen in paints, varnishes and related products. Since the use of oils and fats in our daily life is very noticeable the market demands of these products are splendid. Special efforts has been made to include all the valuable information about the oils, fats and its derivatives which integrates all aspects of food oils and fats from chemistry to food processing to nutrition. The book includes sources, utilization and classification of oil and fats followed by the next chapter that contain details in physical properties of fat and fatty acids. Exquisite reactions of fat and fatty acids are also included in the later chapter. It also focuses majorly in fractionation of fat and fatty acids, solidification, homogenization and emulsification, extraction of fats and oils from the various sources, detail application in paints, varnishes, and related products is also included. It also provides accessible, concentrated information on the composition, properties, and uses of the oils derived as the major product followed by modifications of these oils that are commercially available by means of refining, bleaching and deodorization unit with detailed manufacturing process, flow diagram and other related information of important oils, fats and their derivatives. Special content on machinery equipment photographs along with supplier details has also been included. We hope that this book turns out to be considerate to all the entrepreneurs, technocrats, food technologists and others linked with this industry. 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"Provides a comprehensive review of the major technologies and applications of lipids in food and nonfood uses, including current and future trends. Discusses the nature of lipids, their major sources, and role in nutrition."

Lipids and Edible Oils: Properties, Processing and Applications covers the most relevant topics of lipids and edible oils, especially their properties, processing and applications. Over the last years, researchers have investigated lipid bioavailability, authentication, stability and oxidation during processing and storage, hence the development of food and non-food applications of lipids and edible oils has attracted great interest. The book explores lipid oxidation in foods, the application of lipids as nano-carriers of food bioactive compounds, and their bioavailability, metabolism and nutritional genomics. Regarding edible oils, the book thoroughly explores their triacylglycerols content, biodiesel and energy production from vegetable oils, refining and lifecycle assessment. Written by a team of interdisciplinary experts that research lipids and edible oils, the book is intended for food scientists, technologists, engineers and chemists working in the whole food science field. Thoroughly explores the technological properties of lipids and edible oils Includes food processing by-products and microalgae as a source of lipids and edible oils Reviews novelties in edible oil products and processing, including refining techniques, biorefinery and value creation processing waste

Discusses various advances in applied microbiology, including: production of acetic acid by Clostridium thermoaceticum; marine microorganisms as a source of new natural products; and stereoselective biotransformations for synthesis of some pharmaceutical intermediates.

Biodiesel production is a rapidly advancing field worldwide, with biodiesel fuel increasingly being used in compression ignition (diesel) engines. Biodiesel has been extensively studied and utilised in developed countries, and it is increasingly being introduced in developing countries, especially in regions with high potential for sustainable biodiesel production. Initial sections systematically review feedstock resources and vegetable oil formulations, including the economics of vegetable oil conversion to diesel fuel, with additional coverage of emerging energy crops for biodiesel production. Further sections review the transesterification process, including chemical (catalysis) and biochemical (biocatalysis) processes, with extended coverage of industrial process technology and control methods, and standards for biodiesel fuel quality assurance. Final chapters cover the sustainability, performance and environmental issues of biodiesel production, as well as routes to improve glycerol by-product usage and the development of next-generation products. Biodiesel science and technology: From soil to oil provides a comprehensive reference to fuel engineers, researchers and academics on the technological developments involved in improving biodiesel quality and production capacity that are crucial to the future of the industry. Evaluates biodiesel as a renewable energy source and documents global biodiesel development The outlook for biodiesel science and technology is presented exploring the challenges faced by the global diesel industry Reviews feedstock resources and vegetable oil formation including emerging crops and the agronomic potential of underexploited oil crops

This brief presents the state of the art on enzymatic synthesis of structured triglycerides and diglycerides, focusing on glycerol as the substrate and covering interesterification of vegetable oils in one and two steps. It critically reviews the available literature on enzymatic and chemo-enzymatic synthesis of di- and triglycerides in one or more steps. The effects of the structure, length and unsaturation of the fatty acids are carefully considered, as well as the inhibitory potential of highly unsaturated complex fatty acid structures. The brief also addresses acyl migration and the use of adsorbents, taking into account the most recent literature and presenting the problem in an industrial context. It discusses experimental and analytical problems concerning, e.g. the lab scale and the scaling up to bench and pilot plants. Several examples are presented, and their successes and failures are assessed. Biocatalysts based on lipases are analyzed with regard to problems of immobilization, stability on storage time and activity after multiple uses. The need for specific Sn-2 lipases is presented and strategies for optimizing Sn-2 esterification are discussed. Lastly, practical aspects are examined, e.g. lipase “leaching” with loss of activity, taking into account the latest findings on continuous and batch reactor configurations and presenting the advantages and disadvantages of each.