Theory And Explanation In Geography

A thought-provoking resource detailing why causal theory is useful in geographical enquiry and how it can be developed through mechanism-based thinking. Includes a multitude of approaches and concepts in human geography today, covering important caveats, key considerations, and a synthetic approach Details contemporary geographical thought, covering theory in Marxism, poststructuralism and post-phenomenology/posthumanism, and feminism and postcolonialism Explores relationality and relational thought in contemporary human geography, plus moving towards a relational theory for the 2020s and beyond Discusses mechanism and process in causal explanation, covering causal theory and actors, neoliberalization, and the process-mechanism distinction of neoliberalism Essential reading for academics, geographers, and scholars seeking unique perspective on an important facet of the field

The present book is an attempt to bring all theories of geography in one book for easy reading of teachers and students. Many divisions in geography has many theories. Readers should take effort to collect the theories from all books. All divisions has certain theories. There are so many theories in physical geography as well as human geography. A simple idea makes it convenient to read the theories in one book. First, we selected the certain theories as follows: Theory of continental drift, The theory of Isostasy, Von Thunens location theory, Crop combination method, The central place theory, Internal structure of city, The rank size rule, The social area analysis method, Losch’s theory of economics of location, Walter Isard’s theory, Alfred Weber’s theory of least cost location, Demographic transition theory, Malthusian Theory of population- Criticism and applicability and Growth pole theory. Like this, there are 14 theories collected and compiled in this book as first volume. The theories collected from both physical geography and human geography. These theories are very important for those who are preparing for UPSC, should go through the theories.

This volume tackles the complex terrain of theory and methods, seeking to exemplify the major philosophical, social-theoretic and methodological developments - some with clear political and ethical implications - that have traversed human geography since the era of the 1960s when spatial science came to the fore. Coverage includes Marxist and humanistic geographies, and their many variations over the years, as well as ongoing debates about agency-structure and the concepts of time, space, place and scale. Feminist and other 'positioned' geographies, alongside poststructuralist and posthumanist geographies, are all evidenced, as well as writings that push against the very 'limits' of what human geography has embraced over these fifty plus years. The volume combines readings that are well-known and widely accepted as 'classic', with readings that, while less familiar, are valuable in how they illustrate different possibilities for theory and method within the discipline. The volume also includes a substantial introduction by the editor, contextualising the readings, and in the process providing a new interpretation of the last half-century of change within the thoughts and practices of human geography.

The present book is an attempt to bring all theories of geography in one book for easy reading of teachers and students. Many divisions in geography has many theories. Readers should take effort to collect the theories from all books. All divisions has certain theories. There are so many theories in physical geography as well as human geography. A simple idea makes it convenient to read the theories in one book. First, we selected the certain theories as follows: Theory of continental drift, The theory of Isostasy, Von Thunens location theory, Crop combination method, The central place theory, Internal structure of city, The rank size rule, The social area analysis method, Losch's theory of economics of location, Walter Isard's theory, Alfred Weber's theory of least cost location, Demographic transition theory, Malthusian Theory of population- Criticism and applicability and Growth pole theory. Like this, there are 14 theories collected and compiled in this book as first volume. The theories collected from both physical geography and human geography. These theories are very important for those who are preparing for UPSC, should go through the theories.

This collection of original work, within the sociology of education, draws on the 'spatial turn' in contemporary social theory. The premise of this book is that drawing on theories of space allows for a more sophisticated understanding of the competing rationalities underlying educational policy change, social inequality and cultural practices. The contributors work a spatial dimension into the consideration of educational phenomena and illustrate its explanatory potential in a range of domains: urban renewal, globalisation, race, markets and school choice, suburbanisation, regional and rural settings, and youth and student culture.

Geography is not what we have assumed it, we have conceived it and we have perceived it, but it is that what we have not imagined it-it is around us. It is a system in itself. Because, human behaviour becomes rational, when it acts individually, but is becomes rational, when it operates upon in a collective form. Therefore, it is very difficult to understand man and his behaviour in a given situation. So it is incredible to argue about the discipline, its past history and the methodological contents. It is a misconceived notion of set boundary and a goal of its own, in a multidimensional facets of the changing world complexes in which we are living. Geography in its manifestations begins with the land-scape evolution (Physical basis), interacts with the phenomena culminating in human relationships, (Cultural land-scape) of conceptual world of real and abstract, interactions and processes, conditions and relations of multivariate facets of elements. Geographers are thus, drawn to the illusion with perlex mind of geographical images. This perception has drawn geography and geographers both into a state of unending dilemma of academic jargon of puzzles i e. Whether it is founded on systems theory or simply an irrelevant distraction ? Science provides us very sharp tools. But any craftsman will tell you it is the sharp tool which cane do most damage or harm when misapplied. It is apparently observed that geographers are badly operationalised with their blunted tools. The present attempt is thus, to discuss all those problems arises due to multidimensional approaches of the past, present analysis and future methodologies, more particularly in the system analogy of systems theory, General Systems and the General Systems Theory, as all these notions have different connotations. How geography as a discipline is fitted well in the analogy of systems theory has been the main concerned to these volumes. Let us explore the possibilities-What Geography is? The first volume deals with the Systems Theory and Geography, whereas, the second interprets the Possible World of Geographer in Systems Theory. Contents Vol. I Part I- General Systems & Systems Theory; Chapter 1: General Systems Theory; Chapter 2: General Systems Theory: Specific Features; Chapter 3: General Systems Theory as a Metatheory; Chapter 4: Outline History of the Systems Theory; Chapter 5: The Systems Approach and its Development; Chapter 6: Classification of Systems into Open and Closed-Logic of Methodological Problems; Chapter 7: Systems Theory and Modern Sciences; Chapter 8: The Systems Approach in Social Sciences; Chapter 9: Paradox of Systems Analysis; Chapter 10: Prospects of the Systems Approach; Part II- Development of Nature of Geography; Chapter 11: Progress in Geography Through Ages; Chapter 12: German Contribution to Geography; Chapter 13: Geographers of the Second and Third Generation; Chapter 14: Leaders of the Fourth Generation; Chapter 15: French Geographers Contribution to Geography; Chapter 16: The Second Generation of French Geographers; Chapter 17: Geography in Indian Context; Chapter 18: Theories, Laws and Models: A Systematic Explanation in Geography; Vol. II Chapter 1: Nature of Geography; Chapter 2: Problem of Paradigm Shift: Conceptual Themes; Chapter 3: Geography and General Systems Theory; Chapter 4: American School and Geographers of the Time; Chapter 5: The Modern Perceptivism; Chapter 6: A Real World (Physical Geography) of Geographer; Chapter 7: Geographic Space Perception; Chapter 8: Environment as Perceived in Geography; Chapter 9: Diffusion Process in Geographic Research and Normative Values; Chapter 10: Welfare Geography of Economics; Chapter 11: In Search of Systematic Geography; Chapter 12: Geography in Systems Theory.

Krugman examines the course of economic geography and development theory to shed light on the nature of economic inquiry.