Trans Fatty Acids In Human Nutrition

In this completely rewritten Second Edition of Trans Fatty Acids in Human Nutrition authors who are recognised international authorities in their field have addressed the major areas of trans fatty acids (TFA) research such as consumption, analysis, biochemistry, synthesis and natural TFA biosynthesis, health effects, food formulation, and also regulation and consumer perception. Each chapter contains the latest references and major advances and breakthroughs in a specific area of trans fatty acids research. Furthermore, the book also includes a discussion of a major issue - the health effects of the natural trans isomers, comparing their effects to those observed for TFA produced during hydrogenation. The availability of so much information in a single volume will help to clarify the major effects of TFA in human nutrition that have been discovered over the last two decades. This book guides the next generation of scientists to the important opportunities for making further progress in this challenging field of research. The First Edition of Trans Fatty Acids in Human Nutrition carried out a very similar task for the state of our knowledge in the late 1990s but the rapid expansion and progress in the subject meant that it had to be completely re-written and expanded from the original nine to the present fifteen chapters of the Second Edition.

In this completely rewritten Second Edition of Trans Fatty Acids in Human Nutrition authors who are recognised international authorities in their field have addressed the major areas of trans fatty acids (TFA) research such as consumption, analysis, biochemistry, synthesis and natural TFA biosynthesis, health effects, food formulation, and also regulation and consumer perception. Each chapter contains the latest references and major advances and breakthroughs in a specific area of trans fatty acids research. Furthermore, the book also includes a discussion of a major issue - the health effects of the natural trans isomers, comparing their effects to those observed for TFA produced during hydrogenation. The availability of so much information in a single volume will help to clarify the major effects of TFA in human nutrition that have been discovered over the last two decades. This book guides the next generation of scientists to the important opportunities for making further progress in this challenging field of research. The First Edition of Trans Fatty Acids in Human Nutrition carried out a very similar task for the state of our knowledge in the late 1990s but the rapid expansion and progress in the subject meant that it had to be completely re-written and expanded from the original nine to the present fifteen chapters of the Second Edition.

Trans fatty acids (TFAs) have been used for many years to impart desirable physical characteristics to fats and fat blends used in food manufacturing. However, clinical trials and epidemiological studies conducted over the last thirty years have shown that TFAs can increase “bad” cholesterol levels in the blood while reducing “good” cholesterol. Accordingly, they are also linked with increased risks of coronary heart disease, thrombosis and strokes. For this reason, the food industry has been obliged to find alternatives to TFAs, thus enabling it to meet the presumed consumer demand for “low” or “no” trans fats products. The issue is becoming more and more pressing. For example, US labelling regulations now require that food manufacturers state the trans fat content of their products on the packaging. This book provides an overview of trans fatty acids in oils and fats used in food manufacture. Topics covered include: the chemistry and occurrence of TFAs; analytical methods for determining the fatty acid composition including TFAs of foods; processing techniques for reducing, minimising or even avoiding the formation of TFAs; TFA alternatives in food; health and nutrition concerns and legislative aspects. It is directed at chemists and technologists working in edible oils and fats processing and product development; food scientists and technologists; analytical chemists and nutritionists working in the food industry.

Since the publication of the bestselling second edition, mounting research into fatty acids reveals new and more defined links between the consumption of dietary fats and their biological health effects. Whether consuming omega-3 to prevent heart disease or avoiding trans fats to preserve heart health, it is more and more clear that not only the quantity but the type of fatty acid plays an important role in the etiology of the most common degenerative diseases. Keeping abreast of the mechanisms by which fatty acids exert their biological effects is crucial to unraveling the pathogenesis of a number of debilitating chronic disorders and can contribute to the development of effective preventive measures. Thoroughly revised to reflect the most resent research findings, Fatty Acids in Foods and their Health Implications, Third Edition retains the highly detailed, authoritative quality of the previous editions to present the current knowledge of fatty acids in food and food products and reveal diverse health implications. This edition includes eight entirely new chapters covering fatty acids in fermented foods, the effects of heating and frying on oils, the significance of dietary ?-linolenate in biological systems and inflammation, biological effects of conjugated linoleic acid and alpha-linolenic acid, and the role of fatty acids in food intake and energy homeostasis, as well as cognition, behavior, brain development, and mood disease. Several chapters underwent complete rewrites in light of new research on fatty acids in meat, meat products, and milk fat; fatty acid metabolism; eicosanoids; fatty acids and aging; and fatty acids and visual dysfunction. The most complete resource available on fatty acids and their biological effects, Fatty Acids in Foods and their Health Implications, Third Edition provides state-of-the-science information from all corners of nutritional and biomedical research.

Dietary fats and carbohydrates represent some eighty to ninety percent of food energy uptake in man; fatty acids play a critical role in human development, health and disease. In affluent populations high fat consumption contributes to heart disease, obesity and type II diabetes mellitus, while in non-affluent groups, the generally poor nutritional state found in young children can be partially attributed to a low fat intake. This book reviews our current understanding of essential fatty acids and their role in human nutrition. The topics addressed include the analysis of dietary fatty acids, dietary fats and fish oils in health and in the prevention of heart disease, linoleic acid in the treatment of diabetes, and the role of essential fatty acids in early human development.

Throughout its history, medicine has benefited from scientific discov eries made in complementary fields such as chemistry, physics and biology. Thus, in the middle of the last century, the works of Pasteur, a chemist and biologist, by revealing the world of micro-organisms, bacteria and viruses, made it possible to control a considerable number of often fatal diseases. Guided by the work of this inspired biologist, the English surgeon, Sir Joseph Lister, developed aseptic techniques which have rendered possible the spectacular achievements of modern surgery. It is largely due to such advances that the life-expectancy of man, 50 years at the turn of the century (1900), approaches 75 years in 1981. Even today, however, in spite of this, two groups of ailments, arter iosclerosis and cancer, are responsible for 70 per cent of human deaths both in Canada and in the United States of America. The former is a degenerative process of the arterial system, the latter an uncontrolled and destructive cellular proliferation. Although several predisposing factors are known, the essential cause of these conditions is wholly unknown. As long as this ignorance of the etiology persists, all forms of therapy can be no more than palliative.

This engrossing look at the hidden dangers in your food will have students thinking twice about relying on packaged and fast foods. Readers learn about fats (fatty acids, unsaturated fats, saturated fats, and trans fats). The book’s content focuses on trans fats: where they come from, how they are produced, and their health aspects, and the recent attempt to eliminate trans fats from cooking and processing. Why we chose to publish this book: Trans fats lurk where we least expect them in our food. With the number of overweight and obese children rising in the U.S. today, the increased incidence of diabetes in children, young people’s more sedentary lifestyle, kids are eating more fast food that contains trans fats. The federal and state governments are working to eliminate trans fats from our foods and to recommend healthier foods at home and at school. Rosen’s series will help to guide students on their path to healthy meals and physical wellbeing.

The current guideline for the consumption of trans fatty acids (trans FA) is that they should not exceed 2% of food energy. Due to health concerns, the Food Standards Agency was asked to consider the case for a reduction in this recommendation to less than 1% and the Scientific Advisory Committee on Nutrition has thus tasked with examining recent scientific evidence on the health effects of trans FA. It concludes that there is consistent evidence to support a moderate effect of trans FA on increasing the risk of coronary heart disease but evidence related to other diseases is limited and no reliable risk assessment can be made. There is however no firm scientific basis for a change in the current recommendation of not exceeding 2% of food energy. There is also insufficient evidence to justify the differentiation of trans FA from vegetable oil and animal sources.