Integrated Matrix Analysis Of Structures

7. 2 Element Stiffness Matrix of a Space Truss Local Coordinates 221 7. 3 Transformation of the Element Stiffness Matrix 223 7. 4 Element Axial Force 224 7. 5 Assemblage ofthe System Stiffness Matrix 225 7. 6 Problems 236 8 STATIC CONDENSATION AND SUBSTRUCTURING 8. 1 Introduction 239 8. 2 Static Condensation 239 8. 3 Substructuring 244 8. 4 Problems 259 9 INTRODUCTION TO FINITE ELEMENT MEmOD 9. 1 Introduction 261 9. 2 Plane Elasticity Problems 262 9. 3 Plate Bending 285 9. 4 Rectangular Finite Element for Plate Bending 285 9. 5 Problems 298 APPENDIX I Equivalent Nodal Forces 301 APPENDIXll Displacement Functions for Fixed-End Beams 305 GLOSSARY 309 SELECTED BmLIOGRAPHY 317 INDEX 319 ix Preface This is the first volume of a series of integrated textbooks for the analysis and design of structures. The series is projected to include a first volume in Matrix Structural Analysis to be followed by volumes in Structural Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering as well as other volumes dealing with specialized or advanced topics in the analysis and design of structures. An important objective in the preparation of these volumes is to integrate and unify the presentation using common notation, symbols and general format. Furthermore, all of these volumes will be using the same structural computer program, SAP2000, developed and maintained by Computers and Structures, Inc. , Berkeley, California.

Matrix analysis of structures is a vital subject to every structural analyst, whether working in aero-astro, civil, or mechanical engineering. It provides a comprehensive approach to the analysis of a wide variety of structural types, and therefore offers a major advantage over traditional metho~ which often differ for each type of structure. The matrix approach also provides an efficient means of describing various steps in the analysis and is easily programmed for digital computers. Use of matrices is natural when performing calculations with a digital computer, because matrices permit large groups of numbers to be manipulated in a simple and effective manner. This book, now in its third edition, was written for both college students and engineers in industry. It serves as a textbook for courses at either the senior or first-year graduate level, and it also provides a permanent reference for practicing engineers. The book explains both the theory and the practical implementation of matrix methods of structural analysis. Emphasis is placed on developing a physical understanding of the theory and the ability to use computer programs for performing structural calculations.

This textbook has been primarily written for undergraduate and postgraduate engineering students studying the mechanics of solids and structural systems. The content focuses on matrix, finite elements, structural analysis, and computer implementation in a unified and integrated manner. Using classical methods of structural analysis, it discusses matrix and the finite element methods in an easy-to-understand manner. It consists of a large number of diagrams and illustrations for easy understanding of the concepts. All the computer codes are presented in "FORTRAN" AND "C". This textbook is highly useful for the undergraduate and postgraduate engineering students. It also acquaints the practicing engineers about the computer-based techniques used in structural analysis.

This textbook is designed to help engineering students acquire a precise understanding of the matrix development methods and its underlying concepts and principles, and to acquire experience in developing well-structured programs. A distinguishing feature of this class-tested textbook is its integrated instruction of structured programming and the matrix development method. Focusing on principles taught in sophomore and junior level courses, the book is intended for structural engineering students in civil engineering, aerospace engineering, mechanics, and related disciplines.

Designed as a textbook for the undergraduate students of civil engineering and postgraduate students of structural engineering, this comprehensive book presents the fundamental aspects of matrix analysis of structures. The basic features of Matrix Structural Analysis along with its intricacies in application to actual problems backed up by numerical examples, form the main objective of writing this book. The text begins with the chapters on basics of matrices and structural systems. After providing the foundation for matrix structural representation, the text moves onto dimensional and behavioral aspects of structural systems to classify into pin-jointed systems, then onto beams and finally three-dimensional rigid jointed systems. The text concludes with a chapter on special techniques in using matrices for structural analysis. Besides, MATLAB codes are given at the end to illustrate interfacing with standard computing tool. A large number of numerical examples are given in each chapter which will reinforce the understanding of the subject matter.

Entire book and illustrative examples have been edited extensively, and several chapters repositioned. * Imperial units are used instead of SI units in many of the examples and problems, particularly those of a nonlinear nature that have strong implications for design, since the SI system has not been fully assimilated in practice.