Neuroprosthetics Theory And Practice Second Edition

This is an updated and abridged edition of the original volume published in 2004. Like its predecessor it is targeted for students of bioengineering, biomedical engineering, applied physiology, biological cybernetics and related fields; for engineers and scientists who have an interest in neuroprosthetics; and for medical practitioners using products of that field. The practice of neuroprosthetics requires a fundamental understanding of the anatomy and physiology of the nervous system, mathematical neurobiology, material science, electrochemistry, and electrophysiology. The text assumes some familiarity with basic anatomy, physiology, calculus, electrophysiology and bioinstrumentation, which typically are covered in undergraduate and first year graduate bioengineering curricula. These areas are also reviewed here, with the aim of consolidating principles fundamental to understanding the field. With that as background, the book then presents an overview of the field with detailed emphasis in selected areas of neural interfaces and neuroprostheses. The covered topics provide readers with sufficient information to understand the theory, rationale, design, and functioning of neuroprosthetic devices currently in clinical use and under development. The current volume is shorter than its predecessor. This has been achieved by reducing some of the repetition present in certain chapters of the earlier edition and eliminating a few chapters whose topics are now well covered in review literature readily available on the internet and elsewhere. Two chapters have been retained in their original versions to provide important background material, but the remaining chapters have either been revised by their original authors or replaced by new versions written by different authors. In addition new topics have been added to the section on existing systems.

"This is an updated and abridged edition of the original volume published in 2004. Like its predecessor it is targeted for students of bioengineering, biomedical engineering, applied physiology, biological cybernetics and related fields; for engineers and scientists who have an interest in neuroprosthetics; and for medical practitioners using products of that field. The practice of neuroprosthetics requires a fundamental understanding of the anatomy and physiology of the nervous system, mathematical neurobiology, material science, electrochemistry, and electrophysiology. The text assumes some familiarity with basic anatomy, physiology, calculus, electrophysiology and bioinstrumentation, which typically are covered in undergraduate and first year graduate bioengineering curricula. These areas are also reviewed here, with the aim of consolidating principles fundamental to understanding the field. With that as background, the book then presents an overview of the field with detailed emphasis in selected areas of neural interfaces and neuroprostheses. The covered topics provide readers with sufficient information to understand the theory, rationale, design, and functioning of neuroprosthetic devices currently in clinical use and under development. The current volume is shorter than its predecessor. This has been achieved by reducing some of the repetition present in certain chapters of the earlier edition and eliminating a few chapters whose topics are now well covered in review literature readily available on the internet and elsewhere. Two chapters have been retained in their original versions to provide important background material, but the remaining chapters have either been revised by their original authors or replaced by new versions written by different authors. In addition new topics have been added to the section on existing systems."--Publisher's website.

Neuroprosthetics is a fast-growing area that brings together the fields of biomedical engineering and neuroscience as a means to interface the neural system directly to prostheses. Advancing research and applications in this field can assist in successfully restoring motor, sensory, and cognitive functions. Emerging Theory and Practice in Neuroprosthetics brings together the most up-to-date research surrounding neuroprosthetics advances and applications. Presenting several new results, concepts, and further developments in the area of neuroprosthetics, this book is an essential publication for researchers, upper-level students, engineers, and medical practitioners.

Neuroprosthetics is an area of intense scientific and clinical interest and rapid progress. Since the introduction of the cardiac pacemaker in 1932, we have seen developments that include cochlear prostheses, techniques for bladder and bowel control, deep brain stimulation, and restoration of mobility and respiration to paralyzed individuals. The chapters in this book have been contributed by authors who are recognized internationally in their fields. The result is a comprehensive and up-to-date review that will be invaluable to graduate students, clinicians and researchers in neuroprosthetics. It is broadly divided into three sections: Section 1 provides a core of knowledge that forms a foundation for the rest of the book, and covers the basics of neuroanatomy and neurophysiology, biomaterials and biocompatibility, stimulation and recording techniques; Section 2 describes current clinical applications of neuroprosthetics; Section 3 looks at future developments in the field. Contents:Neuroanatomy and Physiology:Passive Models of Excitable Cells (J J Struijk)Peripheral Nervous System (K W Horch & P R Burgess)Anatomy and Physiology of the Central Nervous System (V K Mushahwar, T Hanania, J Ingram, K E Jones, S K Patrick & K W Horch)Autonomic Nervous System (G S Dhillon & K W Horch)Skeletal Muscle (S Salmons)Voluntary Motor Control (R R Riso)The Visual System as a Neuroprosthesis Substrate: Anatomy, Physiology, Function (G Dagnelie & E Margalit)The Auditory System (R K Shepherd)Neuroplasticity (P A Celnik, M J Makley, E Fridman & L G Cohen)Spinal Plasticity (V Pikov)Extracellular Stimulation and Recording:Electrical Stimulation of the Peripheral Nervous System: Biophysics and Excitation Properties (W M Grill)The Theory of Peripheral Nerve Recording (K Yoshida & J Struijk)Central Nervous System Stimulation (F Rattay)The Theory of Central Nervous System Recording (S Shoham & S Nagarajan)Materials for Stimulation and Recording:Electrode Materials for Recording and Stimulation (T Stieglitz)Insulating Biomaterials (D J Edell)Vapor Deposition of Biopassivation Coatings for Neuroprostheses (S K Murthy, D J Edell & K K Gleason)Tissue Reaction to Electrodes: The Problem of Safe and Effective Stimulation of Neural Tissue (D McCreery)Peripheral Stimulation and Recording:Functional Adaptation of Skeletal Muscle and Its Application to Cardiac Assistance (E Monnet & S Salmons)Peripheral Nerve and Muscle Stimulation (J T Mortimer & N Bhadra)Peripheral Nerve Recording Electrodes and Techniques (K Yoshida & R Riso)Central Stimulation and Recording:Neural Stimulation Electrodes: Geometric Factors (D J Anderson & J Weiland)CNS Recording Electrodes and Techniques (D R Kipke, D S Pellinen & P J Rousche)Spinal Cord and Rootlets (A Prochazka & V K Mushahwar)Existing FES Systems:Control Issues for Motor Neuroprostheses (D B Popovic)Upper and Lower Extremity Motor Neuroprostheses (K L Kilgore & R F Kirsch)Cochlear Implants (P M Seligman & R K Shepherd)Neuromodulation and Other Electrostimulatory Techniques (P E V Van Kerrebroeck)Deep Brain Stimulation (E B Montgomery Jr. & K B Baker)Neural Recording on Close Spaced Arrays (D J Anderson)Respiratory Muscle Stimulation in Patients with Spinal Cord Injury (A F DiMarco)Future FES Systems:The Future of Motor Neuroprostheses (R F Kirsch & K L Kilgore)Challenges to Developing a Neurally Controlled Upper Limb Prosthesis (G S Dhillon & S Meek)Spinal Cord Stimulation for Restoring Lower Extremity Function (V K Mushahwar & A Prochazka)Emerging FES Applications for Control of the Urinary Bladder (N J M Rijkhoff)Can Vision be Restored by Electrical Stimulation? (E Margalit, G Dagnelie, J D Weiland, E de Juan, Jr. & M S Humayun)Central Auditory Prostheses (R K Shepherd)Vestibular Prosthetics (D M Merfeld & R D Rabbitt)Brain-Computer-Interfaces for Verbal Communication (N Birbaumer, U Strehl & T Hinterberger)Design Principles of a Neuromotor Prosthetic Device (M Serruya & J Donoghue)Next Generation of Cortical Devices (P J Rousche & D R Kipke)Regulatory Issues:Biocompatibility of Neuroprotheses (Jeffery R Nelson & Jerry R Nelson) Readership: Graduate students, academics, researchers and clinicians in biomedical engineering/bioengineering, neurobiology, neurology/neuroscience and human physiology. Keywords:

This comprehensive compendium provides an up-to-date scientific source of biomedical engineering principles of 'replacement parts and assist devices' for the bionic man. It covers biomechanics, biochemistry, rehabilitation, tissue engineering, and sports science, as well as applications in cardiovascular, visual, auditory, and neurological systems.The useful reference text benefits students, scientists, and laymen keen in understanding the fundamental underlying principles of biomedical devices and procedures, along with recent advances in transplant methodology, gene therapy, stem cell research, and sports science.This unique volume provides numerous test questions in selected chapters with answers in the Appendix. Numerous color figures provide additional emphasis and vivacity to the written content.

The first edition of the book was written employing mathematical techniques to formulate the physical principles involved in the structural and functional correlates of the underlying physiology.This current and self-contained second edition updates many of the new findings since its first edition a decade ago. It also includes a new chapter on the 'Interaction with the Heart'. The dynamics of the arterial system, the venous system, the microcirculation and their interaction with the heart are quantitatively described in terms of their structures and functions. Clinical measurements, applications to the cardiovascular field and physiological mechanisms are clearly identified throughout the text. Most importantly, worked examples are provided, such that the readers can appreciate the application aspects of the underlying formulation.

What is machine learning? What is the current state of prosthetics in healthcare? Can scientists cure paralysis? Are supercomputers composed of human DNA real?These are all questions contemplated by both highly educated biomedical engineers and individuals without formal scientific training that have simple interests in medicine. Technology, undoubtedly, has given rise to advancements in many diverse areas of our lives today. It has led to improvements in the ways we complete business transactions, the ways we use social media to connect with others, and in the methods we use to treat patients in medicine. This is especially true, when examining neuroscience approaches in technology, otherwise known as neuroengineering. Concepts such as machine learning and artificial intelligence will one day assist practitioners in making more accurate and superior medical diagnoses. Novel prosthetics are currently being devised utilizing intracranial brain computer interfaces to recreate patient thoughts for controlling these prosthetics. Supercomputers, composed of human genetic material, are being utilized to make processing speeds faster than current computers by magnitudes of speed. With all of these advancements, medical technology is a burgeoning and interesting area of study.In this book, the authors discuss these technological advancements of healthcare in 14 comprehensive chapters specifically designed to be read and understood by any individual interested in learning more about technology in medicine. Co-author, Nolan Brown has over 100 peer-reviewed publications in the neurosurgical and neuroengineering literature. Dr Shane Shahrestani MD, PhD, participated in the world's first portable stroke detection device utilizing magnetic fields. He currently has NIH grant funding for the device. Dr Ronald Sahyouni MD, PhD, has novel work in myoelectric prosthetic devices. From discussing topics such as creating the first human cyborgs, to discussing topics on humankind's first attempt at curing paralysis, this book takes an informative approach to educate interested individuals regardless of their educational background.

A study of neuroprosthetics. It is broadly divided into three sections which address: neuroanatomy and neurophysiology, biomaterials and biocompatibility, stimulation and recording techniques; clinical applications of neuroprosthetics; and future developments.